A

Ab Urbe condita (Livy)

*Ab Urbe condita libri* ("From the founding of the City"), in the French of Marie's day *l'Histoire romaine* of Tite-Live, is the history of Rome from its legendary beginnings to 9 BC by Titus Livius (Livy, 59 BC - AD 17). It was written in Latin between about 27 and 9 BC in 142 books, of which 35 survive: books 1-10 (to 293 BC) and 21-45 (219-166 BC). (Wikipedia, "History of Rome (Livy)".) Book IV, on which Marie took notes, covers the early Republic (the fifth century BC).

Abaza

Abaza was a prominent Russian nobleman whom Marie knew during her time in Russia. He was described as "the biggest bigwig of Poltava" after having previously held important positions in St. Petersburg and Odessa.

Abbe de Cassagnac

- Type: people - mentioned

Abbe Lamarche

- Type: people - mentioned

Abbema

- Type: people - mentioned

About

Edmond About (born Dieuze, 14 February 1828; died Paris, 16 January 1885), French novelist, journalist and polemicist, an anticlerical supporter of the Second Empire, elected to the Académie française on 24 January 1884. (Source: French Wikipedia, «Edmond About»; Mon Journal t.7 index: «About (Edmond), écrivain».)

Abramovitch

Previous visitor to the Bashkirtseff household, likely Russian based on patronymic name.

Abrial

Friend and advisor to the Bashkirtseff family. Possibly a lawyer or legal professional.

Académie Julian

The Académie Julian was a private art school in Paris, founded in 1868 by [Rodolphe Julian](../../people/recurring/RODOLPHE_JULIAN.md) (1839-1907). It was the single most important institution in Marie Bashkirtseff's life after 1877 -- her workplace, her community, her proving ground, and by her own account her refuge: "Heureusement il y a l'atelier. Avec l'atelier je n'ai peur de rien" -- "Fortunately there is the atelier. With the atelier I fear nothing" (January 23, 1878).

Academie Medicis

- Type: people - mentioned

Acard

[Research needed]

Achille

- Type: people - mentioned

Acqua Viva

Acqua Viva (meaning "Living Water" in Italian) was the Bashkirtseff family's former residence in Nice, which they had occupied before moving to the despised Villa Baquis in 1873. The villa represented everything that Villa Baquis was not - elegance, proper social standing, and respectability.

Adam

The Bashkirtseff family's cook who has become Paul's corrupting companion and mentor.

Addressing the Reader

This thematic tag collects diary paragraphs where Marie directly addresses her future readers, breaks the fiction of writing "for herself alone," and acknowledges the public nature of her private text. These moments are among the most distinctive and modern features of the diary.

Ade

«Adé», a shop in Nice. The Mon Journal indexes list it as «Adé, magasin» (t.4 p.173 and t.6 p.271), not as a person; the diary does not say what it sold beyond the tag «des ruches», probably the ruches (pleated or frilled trimmings) of dressmaking.

Adelaide Ristori

Adelaide Ristori (1822–1906), the Italian tragic actress, celebrated in Paris from 1855. Mary Stuart, in an Italian version of Schiller's play, was one of her great roles (Wikipedia, «Adelaide Ristori»).

Adelina Patti

[Research needed]

Adeline

Adeline was a friend in Paris who appears in Marie's diary in November 1880. On November 4, Adeline arrives and, "unable to bear it," sends Marie a note asking her to come that evening. Marie spends the evening at Adeline's home.

Adolphe Crémieux

Isaac Adolphe Crémieux (1796–10 February 1880) was a prominent French Jewish lawyer, statesman, and president of the Alliance Israélite Universelle (1863–1880). He served twice as Minister of Justice — under the Second Republic (1848) and the Government of National Defence (1870–1871) — and is best known for the Crémieux Decree (1870), which granted French citizenship to Algerian Jews. He died in Paris on 10 February 1880. Marie does not mention him by name in the diary; the «Crémieux (il est ton tailleur)» of 084/1879-01-15 is a tailor, not him (unproven jibe, no tag).

Adolphe Granier de Cassagnac

Bernard Adolphe Granier de Cassagnac (12 August 1806, Averon-Bergelle, Gers -- 31 January 1880, Coulome, Gers) was a French journalist and politician, father of Paul de Cassagnac. He is referenced in Marie's diary as "Cassagnac pere" (Cassagnac the father) to distinguish him from his son Paul, whom Marie knew personally.

Adolphe Thiers

Adolphe Thiers (Marseille 1797 – Saint-Germain-en-Laye 1877), historian and statesman; head of the executive power in 1871 and second president of the French Republic from 1871 to 1873, forced to resign in May 1873. (Source: Wikipedia, «Adolphe Thiers»; Mon Journal indexes t.1, t.4, t.8, t.10, t.11, t.13: «Thiers (Adolphe), homme d'État».)

Adonis

- Type: people - mentioned

Affaires Etrangeres

The French Ministry of Foreign Affairs, quai d'Orsay, Paris: its official receptions and balls of 1878–1880 (080.0193, 080.0413–0434, 085.0179 «On reçoit tous les lundis, aux Affaires Etrangères», 085.0264, 087.0540), Gambetta as foreign minister (093.0368), and the young diplomats attached to it (091.0342, 099.0171).

Africa

- Type: places - regions

Agar (Marie-Léonide Charvin)

Agar, stage name of Marie-Léonide Charvin (1832-1891), French tragic actress, admired in Racine and Corneille; engaged at the Comédie-Française until 1871, when her recitation of La Marseillaise at a Commune benefit ended her engagement; she then toured widely (Wikipedia, "Agar (actrice)"; commune1871.org, "Madame Agar, tragédienne").

Aggie

- Type: people - mentioned

Aggie Howard

- Type: people - mentioned

Agis

Agis IV, king of Sparta (c. 244–241 BC), who tried to restore the laws of Lycurgus by cancelling debts and redistributing land and was put to death by his opponents; Plutarch tells his story in the *Lives* (*Life of Agis*). The Mon Journal t.6 index has «Agis (roi de Sparte), 196». Not a person of Marie's world.

Aglaé

Aida (Verdi)

*Aida* is a tragic opera in four acts by Giuseppe Verdi to an Italian libretto by Antonio Ghislanzoni, set in Egypt. It was commissioned by the Khedivial Opera House in Cairo and had its première there on 24 December 1871 (Wikipedia, "Aida"); the first European production followed at La Scala, Milan, in 1872 (see the La Scala libretto of 1871-72 above). Marie meets it in Italy in the winter of 1876-77.

Aigle

- Type: people - mentioned

Aimé Millet

Aimé Millet (1819–1891), French sculptor (the colossal *Vercingétorix* at Alise-Sainte-Reine, 1865) (en.wikipedia «Aimé Millet»). Marie names him only in lists of the sculptors of the day. Not the painter Jean-François Millet ([MILLET](../mentioned/MILLET.md)), whom she names far more often.

Aimé Morot

Aimé-Nicolas Morot (1850–1913) was a French academic painter, pupil of Cabanel, who won the Prix de Rome in 1873. He is best known for his monumental canvas *Le Bon Samaritain* (The Good Samaritan, 1880, oil, 268 × 198 cm), exhibited at the Salon of 1880 where it was awarded the Medal of Honour — the highest Salon prize, defeating Bastien-Lepage's *Joan of Arc* for the top award. The painting is now housed in the Petit Palais, Paris. His style blended Spanish 17th-century realism (Velázquez, Ribera) with French academic technique.

Aivazovsky

Ivan Konstantinovich Aivazovsky (born Hovhannes Aivazian, Feodosia 1817 – 1900), Russian Romantic painter of Armenian parentage, one of the greatest masters of marine painting, based mostly in Feodosia on the Black Sea. (Source: Wikipedia, «Ivan Aivazovsky»; Marie writes «Aïvazowsky» in 1874 and «Ayvosonsky» in 1882.)

Aïvazowsky

Ivan Aivazovsky (1817-1900), famous Russian-Armenian marine painter renowned for his seascapes.

Aix

- Type: places - cities

Aix les Bains

- Type: places - cities

Ajax

The Ajax brothers - two young men who dine with the Bashkirtseff family.

Akhtyrka (Okhtyrka)

Akhtyrka (Ukrainian: Охтирка, Okhtyrka; Russian: Ахтырка) is a city in northeastern Ukraine, located on the Vorskla River in what is now Sumy Oblast. During the 1870s, it was the administrative center of Akhtyrsky Uyezd (district) in the Kharkov Governorate of the Russian Empire.

Alban

Albedinsky

Pyotr Pavlovich Albedinsky (Moscow 1826 – Warsaw 19 May 1883), Russian cavalry officer and adjutant-general, wounded at Inkerman in the Crimean War. Governor-General of Livonia, Courland and Estland 1866–1870, **Governor-General of Vilna, Kovno and Grodno from 22 July 1874 to 1880** (promoted general of cavalry in 1878), then, from 18 May 1880 until his death, Governor-General of Warsaw (viceroy of Russian Poland). He married Alexandra Sergeyevna, née Princess Dolgorukova; Maurice Paléologue thought Alexander II arranged the match. (Source: Wikipedia, «Pyotr Albedinsky»; Mon Journal t.8 index: «Albedinski (général, gouverneur de Wilna) : 346».)

Alberic Second

French writer, journalist, and playwright (1817-1887). Second was a prominent literary figure in Second Empire and Third Republic Paris, known for his wit and social connections. He frequented the salons of Paris society and was part of the intellectual circle that included Emile de Girardin.

Albert

Albert de Mun

Comte Albert de Mun (1841–1914), cavalry officer turned legitimist and Catholic deputy for Pontivy (Morbihan) from 1876 (English Wikipedia, «Albert de Mun»). The index of *Mon Journal* t.12 lists «Mun (Albert, comte de) : 159». Per the Encyclopædia Universalis («Mun Albert de (1841-1914)»), his Pontivy election was invalidated, he was re-elected, was invalidated a second time in 1878, and was re-elected in 1881.

Albert Decrais (prefect of the Alpes-Maritimes)

Pierre Louis Albert Decrais (1838-1915), French lawyer, administrator and later diplomat and minister, prefect of the Alpes-Maritimes (Nice) from 11 November 1874 to 21 March 1876, then prefect of the Gironde (English Wikipedia, «Albert Decrais»). He was minister of the Colonies 1899-1902 and senator 1903-1915, and married Marguerite Alice Dethomas. In the diary he is Nice's "nouveau préfet" of winter 1874-75, hence the head of local officialdom whose receptions and rebuffs matter to the Bashkirtseffs.

Albert Gautier (Pepino)

Albert-Joseph Gautier, a young man of Emile d'Audiffret's circle in Nice, nicknamed «Pepino» (Kernberger 2013, glossary: "Gautier, Albert-Joseph: member of the Audiffret circle, nickname: Pepino"). Tall and handsome, he was an employee of the Crédit de Nice, placed there by his uncle (068.0798; Kernberger 2013, Paris entry of 1878: "an employee at the Crédit de Nice ... handsome, tall, slender, graceful, like a palm tree from Nice"). His brother is Michel Gautier, «Michka» (see [MICHEL_GAUTIER](MICHEL_GAUTIER.md)).

Albert Gigot

- Type: people - mentioned

Albert Joly

- Type: people - mentioned

Albert Rogat

- Type: people - mentioned

Albert Wolff

Albert Wolff was the most feared newspaper critic in Paris in Marie's day: the art critic and chronicler of [Le Figaro](../../culture/newspapers/LE_FIGARO.md), and the man whose paragraph on a young painter at the [Salon](../../culture/art/SALON.md) could open or close a career. He was born in Cologne and came to Paris in 1857 to report the Salon for the *Gazette d'Augsbourg*; after a short time as a secretary to Alexandre Dumas he wrote for *Le Gaulois*, caught the eye of the Figaro's founder Villemessant, and joined *Le Figaro* and *Le Charivari* in 1859 (fr.wikipedia, "Albert Wolff (journaliste)"). He became a French citizen in 1871 (Musée d'Orsay catalogue entry for the Legé & Bergeron portrait caption). He died in Paris on 22 December 1891, unmarried, and is buried at Père-Lachaise (fr.wikipedia).

Alcibiades

Alcibiades (c. 450-404 BCE) was an Athenian statesman, orator, and general during the Peloponnesian War. Known for his beauty, intelligence, and controversial character.

Alessandro Amato

- Type: people - mentioned

Alexander II of Russia

Alexander II (29 April 1818 – 13 March 1881) was Emperor of Russia, King of Poland, and Grand Duke of Finland from 2 March 1855 until his assassination on 13 March 1881. He is known as Alexander the Liberator for his historic Edict of Emancipation, which officially abolished Russian serfdom in 1861.

Alexander III, Emperor of Russia

Alexander Alexandrovich (1845–1894), heir to the Russian throne from 1865, Emperor of Russia from the assassination of his father [Alexander II](ALEXANDER_II.md) on 13 March 1881 until his death; crowned in Moscow in May 1883. His wife was Maria Feodorovna (Dagmar of Denmark). He answered the assassination with a reinforcement of the autocracy (en.wikipedia «Alexander III of Russia»).

Alexander Pushkin

Alexander Sergeyevich Pushkin (1799-1837) was Russia's greatest poet and the founder of modern Russian literature. Marie mentions him as a contemporary of her maternal grandfather.

Alexander the Great

Alexander III of Macedon (356-323 BCE), known as Alexander the Great, was a king of the ancient Greek kingdom of Macedon who created one of the largest empires in ancient history.

Alexandra Hotel

The hotel where Marie and her aunt lodge in London in September 1874. Arriving at Charing Cross on 6 September she writes: «Pendant que nous allons jusqu'à Alexandra Hotel je regarde à droite et à gauche avec une satisfaction croissante ... j'entre enfin à l'hôtel comme si j'entrais dans ma propre maison» (023.0573). The diary gives no address; the Alexandra Hotel of Knightsbridge, facing Hyde Park, enlarged and reopened in 1864 by the Alexandra Hotel Company, bombed in 1941 and demolished in 1954, is the likely hotel (Wikipedia, «Alexandra Hotel, Knightsbridge»), and fits the days she spends in Hyde Park ([Hyde Park](../parks/HYDE_PARK.md)). The identification is inferred (0.7), not stated by Marie.

Alexandre Babanine

Alexandre Babanine was Marie's maternal uncle, one of the sons of [#Grand_papa](../family/GRAND_PAPA.md) (Etienne Babanine) and brother of [#Maman](../family/MAMAN.md) (Maria Stepanovna), [#Georges](../family/GEORGES.md), Etienne (another brother), Wladimir, and [#Ma_tante](../family/MA_TANTE.md) (Sophie). He was emphatically NOT paternal (Bashkirtseff) -- in carnet 067 (1876-11-11), when a military officer on a train asks his name, he replies "Babanine" (067.0959). Grand-papa had nine children; Alexandre was among several sons who defied their father by marrying without permission.

Alexandre Bashkirtseff

Alexandre Cabanel

Alexandre Cabanel (28 September 1823, Montpellier -- 23 January 1889, Paris) was the leading academic painter of the Second Empire and early Third Republic. *La Naissance de Vénus*, shown at the Salon of 1863, was bought at once by Napoleon III (it entered the Luxembourg in 1881 and is now in the Musée d'Orsay). He was elected to the Académie des beaux-arts in 1863, became in January 1864 professor and head of one of the three painting studios of the École des beaux-arts, which he led until his death, and sat on the Salon jury seventeen times between 1868 and 1888. His pupils included Jules Bastien-Lepage, Henri Regnault and Fernand Cormon. Works of Marie's years include *Phèdre* (1880, Musée Fabre, Montpellier), *Miss Fanny Clapp* (1881), *Portrait of Mrs Collis Huntington* (1882) and *Rebecca et Eliézer* (Salon of 1883) ([Wikipedia fr, "Alexandre Cabanel"](https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexandre_Cabanel)).

Alexandre Dumas

Alexandre Dumas (1802-1870) was a French novelist and playwright, author of classics such as "The Three Musketeers" and "The Count of Monte Cristo." He was one of the most popular French authors of the 19th century.

Alexandre Dumas fils

Alexandre Dumas fils (Paris 27 July 1824 – Marly-le-Roi 27 November 1895), French novelist and dramatist, author of the novel *La Dame aux camélias* (1848; the source of Verdi's *La Traviata*) and of the social plays of the Second Empire; elected to the Académie française in 1874. He is distinct from his father Alexandre Dumas père, who died in 1870, before the diary begins (ALEXANDRE_DUMAS). (Sources: Wikipedia, «Alexandre Dumas fils»; Mon Journal indexes, which separate «Dumas père» from «Dumas fils» in t.2, t.4, t.12, t.13, t.14, t.15 and t.16.)

Alexandre II

Alexandre Lautrec

- Type: people - mentioned

Alexandre Walitzky

Alexandre XI Borgia

- Type: people - mentioned

Alexandria (Alexandrie)

Egyptian port city, embarkation point for Hamilton's journey to Constantinople.

Alexandrine (La Righi's daughter)

The small daughter of the actress La Righi (Larderel's mistress, «la Coquine», «Silène»), whom Count Larderel calls «ma petite Alexandrina» at Sorrento on 3 April 1877 and wants to adopt. Mon Journal t.10 index: «Righi (Alexandrine, fille de La Righi)», pp.12, 36, 65-66, 73, 75, 78, 87, 110, 148, 155-157, 159, 173, 176, 187, 195, 230, 283, 306. The child is a focus of Marie's jealousy and then of her fantasies: the «air de tendresse donné à ma petite Alexandrine» makes her furious (070.0030); Larderel proposes marriage «en priant d'adopter sa fille» (070.0420); she dreams of the child turning into a cat or a black dog (070.0536, 070.0584); on 1 June she wishes to bring Alexandrine up herself («l'autre en aura autant dans dix ans», 071.0527, when Lise is twelve, so the child is about two); in July Rosalie tells in bed how she would carry her off (073.0237); and in October 1878 Marie recalls «j'étais enragée pour enlever et élever la petite Alexandrine» (082.0614). Marie also calls her «ma fille, c'est-à-dire la fille de Larderel», who «reçoit six mille par an de son père» (071.0129).

Alexandrine (Marie's goddaughter)

The baby granddaughter of Mme Elisabeth Raynaud, for whom Marie stood godmother in 1877. On 3 June 1877 Mme Raynaud arrives «avec sa fille mariée qui va avoir un enfant dont je serai marraine et auquel je donnerai nom Alexandre ou Alexandrine» (071/1877-06-03, 071.0549). Mon Journal t.10 index: «Alexandrine (filleule de Marie), petite-fille de Mme Elisabeth Raynaud», p.198; t.12 index: «Alexandrine, filleule de Marie Bashkirtseff», pp.138, 229. The christening is held by proxy on 19 August 1877: «Je … prie Mme Anitchkoff de me remplacer durant la cérémonie, mais c'est moi qui serai inscrite. Demain j'envoie les cadeaux à ma petite Alexandrine» (073/1877-08-19, 073.0495). In Paris on 3 March 1879 the neighbour brings her: «ma filleule Alexandrine, la petite a dix huit mois» (084.0377). Before the birth the future name is a family topic: «On parle tant d'Alexandre et d'Alexandrine» (071/1877-05-15, 071.0359; probably this child, not yet born).

Alexandrine Patchenko (Nini)

**Paris, winter 1881-82.** Paul and Nini arrive in Paris on 28 November 1881 (094.0024). On 15 December Marie gives her four dresses, a jacket and an emerald, after Constantin arrives and shows Nini "an indifference bordering on hostility" (094.0070). On 29 December she begins her portrait, wanting "at one go Dina, Nini and Irma" (094.0113); on 31 December the sketch is "very original in arrangement and well started" (Tony Robert-Fleury, 094.0116); the picture is finished on 11 January 1882 (see [Portrait de sa belle-sœur](../../culture/art/PORTRAIT_BELLE_SOEUR.md)). On 2 January 1882, on a sunny drive, Marie opens a carriage window and Nini is "all in supplications and tears" (094.0127-0128). Nini is "charming, pretty, magnificent shoulders" at the great evening of 12 January (094.0166). On 22 January she is at the Opéra-Comique in the box sent by [Étincelle](../writers/ETINCELLE.md) (094.0196); on 21 February she is in the Watteau costume at the battle of flowers in Nice (094.0284).

Alexis (at the Sapogenikoffs)

A young man referred to as "Alexis" or "Aliocha" (Russian diminutive of Alexis) who lived with the Sapogenikoff family in Geneva in May 1873. Marie describes him as "the boy who lives with them" ("le garçon qui vit avec eux"). He attended the circus and went horseback riding with the Bashkirtseff party during their brief Geneva visit. He is distinct from the Sapogenikoff daughters (Marie and Olga) and may have been a boarder or relative.

Alexis de Meyssner

M. Alexis de Meyssner (Meissner), a young Russian who arrives in Nice from St Petersburg on 23 January 1877 with a letter from Nina Sapogenikoff, whose nephew he is (068.0792). Kernberger (2013, glossary) lists "Meissner, Alexis de: nephew of Nina Sapogenikoff" and, separately, "Meissner, Baron de: fiancé of Olga, brother of Alexis".

Alexis the somnambulist (Paris clairvoyant)

"Le célèbre somnambule Alexis", a Paris clairvoyant who works by psychometry (holding objects or the clients' hands) and by now gives mostly health consultations, with a doctor at his side. Marie, her aunt, Mme de Mouzay and Mme de Mertens consult him in July 1876, and she keeps him as the one trustworthy medium. Not the grand duke Alexis, nor Prince Alexis Karageorgevitch ([#Alexis](../recurring/ALEXIS.md)).

Alfeda-da-fé

A signature Marie invented in December 1875 for an anonymous note to Emile d'Audiffret («Sardanapale de la Tour, tu pourriras. / Le dehors est fleuri / Le dedans est pourri»), a play on *auto-da-fé*. The note was not sent; maman sent the same verse from Monte-Carlo as a telegram, signed the same way. One of the masks of the Audiffret campaign (see MOINES_DE_CIMIEZ).

Alfred

«Alfred», the Paris dressmaker and tailor from whom Marie orders her riding habit (*amazone*) in June 1874. Princess Souvoroff recommended him «un tailleur pour amazone, à côté de nous» (the family was at the hôtel Scribe) when they met on the promenade (020.0189, 9 June 1874). Mon Journal indices: t.3 «Alfred, maison de couture, 228, 231, 236»; t.4 «Alfred, maison de couture, 8». His surname and address are not given.

Alfred Boreel

Alfred Boreel was a young Dutchman who became Marie Bashkirtseff's first serious romantic interest during the winter seasons of 1871-72 and 1872-73 in Nice. Marie's diary gives his full name as "M. Alfred Boreel" (002.0104, entry 1873-02-26), while his dog's collar read "M. Robert Boreel" (004.0197, entry 1873-04-27), suggesting the family name appeared on the collar under a different family member's name, or that Robert was a middle name.

Alfred Multedo

Alfredo Escobar

Alfredo Escobar y Ramírez (Madrid, 18 March 1854 – Madrid, 23 February 1949), lawyer, journalist and conservative politician, son of Ignacio José de Escobar, first marqués de Valdeiglesias (title from 1879), owner and director of the Madrid daily *La Época*. Alfredo became the second marqués de Valdeiglesias, directed *La Época* from 1887 and sat in the Cortes and the Senate. (Source: Spanish Wikipedia, «Alfredo Escobar y Ramírez»; Mon Journal t.14 index: «Escobar (Alfredo) journaliste espagnol : 221-222, 226; 230».) Marie's «la Espora» is *La Época* (reader footnote 093.0184.6).

Alger

Algeria (Algerie)

Algeria, France's largest colonial possession in North Africa, appears in Marie Bashkirtseff's diary in connection with travel, politics, and the broader French colonial world. Algeria had been under French control since 1830 and by Marie's time was considered an integral part of France (not merely a colony), with departments administered from Paris. The territory attracted European settlers, military personnel, and travelers drawn by the exotic landscape and warm climate.

Algerie

Algiers (Alger)

Algiers (French: Alger), the capital of French Algeria, was a Mediterranean port city that served as the administrative center of France's largest colonial possession. In Marie Bashkirtseff's time, Algiers was a growing city with a dual character: a European quarter (the Ville Nouvelle) built in the French style, and the old Casbah, the traditional Arab quarter perched on the hillside above the harbor.

Alice Brisbane

Alice Brisbane was a young American woman in Paris who posed for Marie in 1880 and 1881, studied at the Académie Julian, and from 1881 to 1883 was one of the girls who came to dinner and to the studio. The diary gives her age once: "dix-huit ans" on 27 April 1880 (088.0028), "d'une maigreur exquise". It never gives her family, her city or her later life. She is "la petite Brisbane" or just "Alice"; Marie writes the surname alone ("Brisbane", "Villevieille et Brisbane") when speaking of the atelier (091.0088, 094.0049).

Alice Brisbane en Récamier (portrait)

This is the portrait of the American model [Alice Brisbane](../../people/mentioned/ALICE_BRISBANE.md) dressed as Madame Récamier, which Marie began on **27 April 1880** and finished on **22 April 1881**. It began as an informal exchange: Alice agreed to pose for her on condition that Marie gave her the finished work. Marie never describes the finished picture beyond the costume, and no reproduction or museum record has been found.

Alice de Nevers

Opéra-bouffe (also called "opéra fantaisiste") in three acts and five tableaux, with words and music by Hervé (Florimond Ronger, 1825-1892). First performed at the Théâtre des Folies-Dramatiques in Paris on 22 April 1875, with Hervé himself among the cast as the Prince de Ferrare (IMSLP catalogue entry; list of notable Folies-Dramatiques premieres). It was a conspicuous failure in Paris: Pascal Blanchet (Palazzetto Bru Zane) calls it a complete fiasco at its premiere and notes that Hervé abandoned writing his own libretti after it. A *Courbaril-polka* "sur des motifs d'Alice de Nevers" was published by E. Gérard the same year (Europeana record).

Allard

Marie's hairdresser in Nice. Professional who styles Marie's hair for social events.

Allemagne

- Type: places - countries

Allevard

A spa town in the Isère, in the French Alps, with sulphurous waters prescribed for respiratory complaints (source footnote at 092.0004; Wikipedia, «Allevard»). It is the cure Marie's doctors send her to in 1881, and in 1883 she names it as where an acquaintance with tuberculosis spent her summers.

Allobrandini

- Type: people - mentioned

Almaviva

- Type: people - mentioned

Alpes Maritimes

- Type: places - regions

Alphonse

Alphonse Daudet

Alphonse Daudet (1840-1897) was a French novelist and short story writer, famous for his vivid, observational style and his ability to capture contemporary Parisian life with both humor and pathos.

Alphonse Karr

Jean-Baptiste Alphonse Karr (1808-1890), French journalist and novelist, founder of the satirical monthly *Les Guêpes*, which the BnF dates 1839-1849; Wikipedia records a failed attempt to revive it in 1852-55 and his move to Nice in 1855, where he took up flower-growing (Wikipedia, «Jean-Baptiste Alphonse Karr»; data.bnf.fr, «Les Guêpes (1839)»). The Mon Journal t.9 index calls him "Karr (Alphonse), journaliste".

Alsa

Alsace-Lorraine (Alsace-Lorraine)

Alsace-Lorraine (Elsass-Lothringen) was the territory annexed by the German Empire from France following France's defeat in the Franco-Prussian War (1870-1871). The loss of these provinces was the defining national trauma of the early Third Republic, and references to Alsace-Lorraine in Marie Bashkirtseff's diary reflect the pervasive French sentiment of revanche (revenge) and national humiliation that colored political life throughout her years in France.

Altamura

Chevalier Vincenzo Altamura, a Neapolitan banker (Mon Journal t.7 index: «Altamura (Chevalier Vincenzo)»; Kernberger 2013, glossary: «Altamura, Vincenzo: Neapolitan banker, acquaintance in Rome and Naples»). Marie meets him in Rome: «On a fait la connaissance du banquier napolitain, chevalier Altamura» (054/1876-02-27).

Altavilla

A lady of the household of the exiled Queen Isabella II of Spain in Paris. Marie meets her at the queen's receptions: «la marquise d'Altavilla, sa dame d'honneur» (091.0383), and the Mon Journal indexes list «Altavilla d' (marquise)» in t.13 (pp. 240, 280) and t.14 (p. 107) and «Altavilla d' (Les)» (t.14 p. 116), «members of the exiled queen's household» per the earlier RSR note.

Amalia (Amélie), Marie's Italian maid (1876)

Marie's Italian femme de chambre from June 1876, called «Amélie» or, in Italian, «Amalia». The Mon Journal t.8 index lists her as «Amélie (Amalia) (femme de chambre) : 171, 174, 209, 234, 244, 249, 338, 340-342, 345, 369, 371».

Amanda

Amanda Sidwall (1844–1892), Swedish painter and illustrator, pupil of Tony Robert-Fleury at the Académie Julian from 1874, back in Paris from 1879 (Wikipedia, «Amanda Sidwall»; Svenskt kvinnobiografiskt lexikon). The Mon Journal t.13 index lists «Sidval (Amanda) élève atelier Julian : 99-100, 104, 107». Marie calls her «Amanda (la Suédoise forte)» (086.0296, 086/1879-09-17); they visit Bastien-Lepage's studio and the Luxembourg together (086.0308) and go to Saint-Marceaux (086/1879-10-19).

Amanda

Amanda Carolina Vilhelmina Sidwall (Stockholm, 25 July 1844 – 11 January 1892), Swedish painter and illustrator. She studied at the women's department of the Royal Swedish Academy of Arts from 1864, then under Tony Robert-Fleury at the Académie Julian in Paris (1874–77), stayed in Paris for several years, exhibited at the Musée du Luxembourg and had works accepted at the Salon in 1880 and 1882; she returned to Stockholm in 1883 and opened a studio. (Sources: Wikipedia, «Amanda Sidwall», citing the *Svenskt biografiskt lexikon*, https://sok.riksarkivet.se/sbl/Presentation.aspx?id=5899; Mon Journal t.13 index: «Sidval (Amanda) élève atelier Julian : 99-100, 104, 107».) Marie's «Sidval» is the usual French reading of the Swedish name; identity confidence 0.9 (Swedish, Julian's atelier, in Paris in 1881).

Amanda Sival

- Type: people - mentioned

Amazone (Riding Habit)

An amazone was a women's riding habit designed for side-saddle equitation. The term comes from the legendary Amazons, warrior women of Greek mythology. In 19th-century French, "en amazone" meant wearing a riding habit and riding side-saddle — the only socially acceptable way for a lady to ride.

ambassade d Angleterre

The British Embassy in Paris, rue du Faubourg-Saint-Honoré. Its ball of the 1878 Exposition season is named in 080.0193 («le bal le plus curieux de l'Exposition après celui de l'ambassade d'Angleterre»). The embassy of Marie's Roman setbacks (1877, «l'ambassade») is the Russian one: those tags (068.1569, 072.0413, 073.0345, 073.0397) were removed on 2026-10-22.

ambassade japonaise

- Type: people - mentioned

Ambition & Fame

This thematic tag collects diary paragraphs where Marie writes about her hunger for glory, greatness and a name that will outlast her: wanting to be célèbre, measuring herself against the famous, fearing obscurity and a life without distinction. Ambition is the diary's engine from the first carnets (a singer's career, then a painter's), and it is the other pole of her despair: "à quoi bon vivre sans génie".

Ambroise

Ambroise, the Bashkirtseffs' coachman (*cocher*) in Nice in 1875–1876, a member of the household staff. His wife is the maid Léonie (044.0114). Mon Journal indexes: t.5 «Ambroise (cocher), 45, 125, 233» and «Ambroise (domestique), mari de Léonie, 167, 347»; t.6 «Ambroise (cocher), 144»; t.8 «Ambroise (cocher) : 185»; t.7 «Ambroise (Thomas) : 7, 13» is the composer, a different person and not tagged here.

Amelie

Amélie Beaury-Saurel

Amélie Beaury-Saurel (1849 – 30 May 1924) was a French portrait painter, born in Barcelona. She studied at the Académie Julian under Lefebvre, Tony Robert-Fleury, and J.-P. Laurens, partly funding her studies by managing the school's administration. She made her Salon debut in 1874 and was considered one of the most important artists at the Salon of 1880. She was later awarded a Third Medal at the Salon (1885) and a bronze medal at the 1889 World's Fair. In 1895 she married Rodolphe Julian and after his death in 1907 became director of the Académie Julian, a position she held until her death. She received the Legion of Honour in 1923 for her contributions to French art education. Her portrait of the politician Léon Say was exhibited at the Salon of 1880 — the same exhibition where Marie showed her own painting.

Amelie Gioia

America (Amerique / United States)

America (the United States) appears in Marie Bashkirtseff's diary as a distant but increasingly prominent world power, a source of wealthy travelers on the European social circuit, and a symbol of the New World. American visitors to Paris and the Riviera were becoming more common in the 1870s-1880s, and the cultural exchange between America and Europe was accelerating.

American Tourist

- Type: people - mentioned

Amerique

Amigues

Amigues was a Bonapartist political figure active in Paris in 1880, working alongside Paul de Cassagnac in support of the Imperial cause.

Amphion

- Type: people - mentioned

Amsterdam

**Amsterdam** is the capital of the Netherlands. In the diary it appears in the Suermondt correspondence of May 1878 (carnet 080).

André Nicolaïevitch

A good-natured older Russian gentleman, always part of the Souvoroff circle, who participates enthusiastically in Nice carnival festivities.

André Theuriet

[André Theuriet](https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Theuriet) (1833–1907) was a French poet and novelist, later a member of the Académie française. For this project he matters twice over: as a writer Marie read and quoted, and as the man her mother enlisted after Marie's death to edit the diary for publication. The two-volume [1887 Charpentier edition](../../culture/literature/CENSORED_1887.md) that made Marie famous, and that cut roughly three quarters of what she wrote, appeared under his editorship, with a preface by François Coppée.

Andrieux

- Type: people - mentioned

Andrieux (hotel-keeper, Kharkov)

Keeper of the Grand Hôtel in Kharkov, where the Bashkirtseffs stay in 1876: «L'hôtel où nous sommes se nomme le Grand Hôtel ... Tenue par Andrieux» (066.0177, 066/1876-09-12); «Andrieux en sa qualité d'aubergiste est républicain» (066.0190); «nous sommes à Harkoff, chez le fameux aubergiste Andrieux» (067.0315, 067/1876-10-26). Mon Journal t.9 index: «Andrieux (hôtelier)». Not the Paris prefect of police Louis Andrieux ([#Andrieux](ANDRIEUX.md)).

Andrionoff

Russian acquaintance in Nice who accompanies the family to Monier's dressmaking shop.

Andriot

Andromède (sketch, 1884)

A single line in the diary: on **8 April 1884**, in Paris, "Le temps est orageux et j'esquisse une Andromède !!!" (103.0775). Nothing else is said, and there is no later mention. **Whether the sketch was a drawing, an oil sketch or a clay study, whether it was finished, and where it went are unknown; no image.**

Anet

- Type: people - mentioned

Ange

Ange, a Nice coachman who drove the Bashkirtseffs for «plusieurs mois» before May 1875 (033.0169). The Mon Journal t.5 index has «Ange (cocher), 83», and separately «Ange : Angel (Mme)», where Marie shortens the name of Mme Angel (a different person, t.4).

[Research needed]

Anglesey

Angleterre

Anglican Church

The Anglican Church (Church of England) was the established Protestant church of England. Many British residents in Nice would have attended Anglican services.

Animals

This thematic tag collects diary paragraphs where Marie writes about animals — horses, dogs, pets, working animals — with her characteristic intensity and anthropomorphising affection. Animals in the diary are rarely incidental: Marie names them, attributes emotions to them, and often uses them as mirrors for human behaviour or social commentary.

Anitchkoff

The Anitchkoff family (also spelled Anichkov) was a prominent Russian noble family that appears frequently in Marie Bashkirtseff's diary. They were part of the Russian expatriate community in Nice during the 1870s.

Anna

Georges' companion or romantic interest.

Anna Nordgren

- Type: people - mentioned

Anne

- Type: people - mentioned

Anne d'Autriche

Anne of Austria (1601-1666) was Queen of France as the wife of Louis XIII and regent for her son Louis XIV from 1643 to 1651. Born a Spanish princess (Infanta Ana Maria Mauricia), she governed France during the tumultuous period of the Fronde (1648-1653), a series of civil wars against royal authority.

Annuaire historique de Lesur

- Type: people - mentioned

Antoine Blanc

Antoine Blanc

Antoine Blanc was a French naval officer (capitaine de frégate -- frigate captain, equivalent to commander) and close friend of [Paul de Cassagnac](../recurring/CASSAGNAC.md). He appears throughout the diary from 1876 to 1883, spanning carnets 062--100, with approximately 136 tagged references. Marie first encountered him through the Comtesse de Mouzay, who described him as "l'ami intime de Paul de Cassagnac, et son témoin dans tous ses duels" (Cassagnac's intimate friend and his second in all his duels). His first name is confirmed as Antoine in entries from carnets 084 and 093, where Marie writes "Blanc, (Antoine)" (084, 1879-04-25) and "L'ignoble Blanc, Antoine, capitaine de frégate" (093, 1881-11-07).

Antoinette

- Type: people - mentioned

Antonelli Pietro

Antonin Proust

- Type: people - mentioned

Antonio Lopez

«Antonio Lopez» is a name Marie herself calls a pseudonym. On 28 October 1881 she spent the day in the prison of Granada painting a convict (*forçat*) in the office of the deputy governor, the other prisoners crowding behind her, and wrote in the corner of the canvas: «Antonio Lopez (?) condamné à mort 1881, octobre, pour assassinat, vol et fausse monnaie. Pauvre homme mais enfin je [le] calomnie sous un pseudonyme. Il s'appelle peut-être Rodriguez ou Perez au lieu de Lopez» (093.0308). She had dressed him in «les crimes les plus énormes» but he had only passed counterfeit money (093.0305); she was making «un petit roman que je ressortirai à Paris» (093.0306). He is shown knitting stockings, as the prisoners do in the prison workshops.

Antonio Tamburini

Antonio Tamburini (1800-1876) was a celebrated Italian operatic baritone, one of the greatest singers of the bel canto era. He was a member of the legendary "Puritani Quartet" alongside soprano Giulia Grisi, tenor Giovanni Battista Rubini, and bass Luigi Lablache.

Antonoff

A Russian parvenu in Nice in 1875–1876, as Marie tells it from his own account: a clerk in a shop in St Petersburg who married a dowry with «une femme excessivement laide», became a *marchand de nouveautés* with a boutique where ladies bought hats (049.0069), left his wife and came to Nice with the singer Mme Kronneberg (KRONNEBERG), who «passait pour sa femme» and sang at the Opera. After she left him he bought land on the route de Villefranche and built a house, villa no. 121 (048.0009–048.0011, 049.0026). Marie's portrait on 24 October 1875: «Petit, brun, paraissant rond, avec des yeux de poisson, âgé de quarante-cinq ans, en paraissant trente au plus. Ne parle que le russe, aucune éducation». He is a widower of two years and looks for a wife (048.0012). The Mon Journal t.6 index lists «Antonoff (M.), [de] [Antonelli Cardinal] [Bibi] [Choufleury], 102, 111, 144–148… 258», and t.7 and t.8 add pp. 323–349 and 240; his nicknames are «Bibi-Antonoff», «le général de Antonoff» and «le cardinal Antonelli» (marginal note, 050.0487: «C'est Antonoff qu'on a surnommé cardinal Antonelli»).

Antonsky

Mme Antonsky - member of Nice society whom Marie's mother visits.

Apletcheïeff

Russian gentleman in Nice who greets Marie's mother.

Apollo (Teatro Apollo, Rome)

In the diary «l'Apollo» is the Teatro Apollo, Rome's largest opera house in the 1870s. It stood on the left bank of the Tiber at Tor di Nona, near the Ponte Sant'Angelo, on the site of the Teatro Tordinona founded in 1670 under Queen Christina of Sweden; rebuilt in 1795 as the Apollo, it saw the premieres of Verdi's *Il trovatore* and *Un ballo in maschera*. It was demolished in 1888 (or September 1889) when the Tiber embankments were built; a fountain of 1925 by Cesare Bazzani on the Lungotevere Tor di Nona marks the site (en.wikipedia «Tor di Nona», «Lungotevere Tor di Nona»; Turismo Roma, «Fontana del Teatro Apollo»).

Apollo Belvedere

The Apollo Belvedere is a celebrated marble sculpture in the Vatican Museums (Cortile del Belvedere, Museo Pio-Clementino, Rome). The work depicts the Greek god Apollo as a standing archer who has just released an arrow. The sculpture stands 224 cm tall and is a Roman copy (dated to the 2nd century AD) of an original Greek bronze (c. 330-320 BC) attributed to the sculptor Leochares.

Apotheosis of Venice (Veronese)

*The Apotheosis of Venice* (c. 1585) is the great oval canvas by **Paolo Veronese** (1528-1588) set into the ceiling of the **Sala del Maggior Consiglio**, the Great Council Hall of the Doge's Palace (Palazzo Ducale) in Venice. Oil on canvas, about 904 × 579 cm (Wikimedia Commons / Web Gallery of Art record). The central figure is Venice personified: a tall, fair, richly dressed woman enthroned on clouds between spiral columns, crowned by a flying Victory, with allegorical figures about her and Venetian citizens and soldiers below. The hall was redecorated after the fires of 1574 and 1577; the Doge's Palace guide on Wikipedia dates Veronese's ceiling canvas to 1585 and places it in the same programme as the Tintoretto workshop's *Paradiso* (Wikipedia, "Doge's Palace").

Appel au peuple

- Type: people - mentioned

Aquarium (Stazione Zoologica, Naples)

The **Aquarium** is the public aquarium of the Stazione Zoologica in Naples, founded by Anton Dohrn and built 1872-74 in the Villa Reale (now Villa Comunale) gardens on the Chiaia seafront, one of the first public aquariums in Europe. It is a place, not a person (the entry was originally misfiled under people/mentioned). In Marie's 1877 Naples diary it is the setting of her "rendez-vous" with Larderel.

Aramis

- Type: people - mentioned

Araujo

[Research needed]

Arc de Triomphe

- Type: people - mentioned

Arcachon

The seaside and winter resort on the Bassin d'Arcachon in the Gironde (Wikipedia, «Arcachon»). In October 1883 Marie weighs it as the place to spend the winter painting: «Et si au lieu de cela j'allais à Arcachon ? Il y aurait beaucoup de soleil et je pourrais dans cette terre du Midi faire des études de soir pour mes Saintes femmes» (101.0488). She does not go there in the diary.

Arcangelo (model)

An Italian model of the Académie Julian, the first model Marie drew there in 1877. Mon Journal t.14 index: «Arcangiolo (M.), modèle à l'atelier Julian : 194». The «Arcangelo» of 1877 and the «Arcangiolo» of 1881 are the same man: Marie calls him «notre ancien modèle le premier que j'ai dessiné» (confidence 0.85).

Arcangiolo

Archery

Archimandrite Ignace

An Orthodox archimandrite (senior abbot) of a monastery of St Sergius, whom Marie's mother called on in St Petersburg in August–September 1883. Marie writes that Maman «a aussi été chez l'Archimandrite Ignace, le fameux supérieur du célèbre couvent de Saint-Serge. Celui-là ancien peintre et peintre encore maintenant de même qu'architecte et écrivain m'envoie son portrait, avec ces mots: [Mots noircis: Que la bénédiction] de Dieu descende sur vos travaux» (101.0386, 18 September 1883). She accepts the blessing: «En somme ce n'est pas lui qui bénit mais Dieu». Mon Journal t.16 index: «Ignace (archimandrite) : 36».

Architect

Arene

[Research needed]

Ariadne

- Type: people - mentioned

Ariadnê: The Story of a Dream (Ouida)

*Ariadnê: The Story of a Dream* (1877, three volumes, London: Chapman & Hall / Chatto & Windus) is a novel by the English writer Ouida (Maria Louise Ramé, 1839-1908), who lived in Italy. It is a story of art and love set in Rome, told by a first-person narrator. It opens in the Villa Borghese before a bust the narrator insists is an Ariadne, not the young Bacchus of the catalogue; the great sculptor **Maryx** is among the company, and the young heroine, whom everyone calls **Gioja**, is the face of Maryx's *Nausicaa* (Internet Archive full text of the 1877 edition, vol. 1 ch. I and X; Wikipedia, "Ouida", for the author). In chapter X of volume 1 (pp. 263-265) Maryx carves a marble **Nausicaa** with Gioja's face, and Ouida breaks off to say that, "for me, I always wish, sinfully perhaps, to strangle Penelope in her own web, and wed Ulysses to the sweet Phaeacian maid".

Ariane (statue project, 1879–1883)

*Ariane* (Ariadne) is a statue that Marie planned from 1879 to 1883 and never made. The subject was set at the Académie Julian in October 1879, when she made a sketch of it; the diary describes it at length on 29 August 1882 and names it in five more paragraphs between March and December 1883, always as one of several projects waiting their turn, and each time next to the statue she *did* make, [La Douleur de Nausicaa](./DOULEUR_DE_NAUSICAA.md).

Ariane de Danneker (Dannecker, Ariadne on the Panther)

*Ariadne on the Panther* (*Ariadne auf dem Panther*), the marble group by the Stuttgart sculptor Johann Heinrich Dannecker (1758–1841), finished in 1814 and bought by the Frankfurt banker Simon Moritz von Bethmann, who showed it from 1816 in a pavilion of his garden, the «Ariadneum», lit through rose-tinted glass; it is now in the Liebieghaus Skulpturensammlung, Frankfurt (Wikipedia, "Ariadne auf dem Panther"). Marie spells the name «Danneker».

Ariste

- Type: people - mentioned

Armstrong

- Type: people - mentioned

Arnaud (bric-à-brac shop, Paris)

An antique and bric-à-brac dealer in Paris where Marie and her mother buy two mantelpiece sets (*garnitures de cheminée*) on 29 September 1874, while furnishing for the winter: «Avec lui nous allons chez Arnaud, bric-à-brac, on y achète deux garnitures de cheminées» (024.0157; «lui» is the cab-driver they hire by the day, 024.0156). The Mon Journal t.4 index: «Arnaud, magasin d'antiquités, 161». The address is not given.

Arno

- Type: people - mentioned

Arpad

- Type: people - mentioned

Arsène Houssaye

French novelist, poet, and man of letters (1815-1896). Director of the Comédie-Française and prolific author.

Arsenieff

M. Arsenieff, a Russian acquaintance of Marie's family in Paris in spring 1874, «un vieux original et plein d'esprit», whose wife is «pas mal» (019.0251). Mon Journal t.3 index: «Arsenieff (M.), 193». No first name or office is given in the diary; he has not been identified further.

Arson (Arson de Saint-Joseph family)

The Arsons of Marie's diary are the **Arson de Saint-Joseph** family of Nice, owners of the Villa Arson on the Saint-Barthélemy hill. "Le jeune Arson" — the boy her brother Paul befriends in October 1873 — is a young member of that family, identified by a reader of this edition as **Victor Arson de Saint-Joseph**, grandson of Pierre-Joseph Arson. The first name has not yet been confirmed from a second source.

Art World

This thematic tag collects diary paragraphs about other people's art and the art world as Marie meets it: museums and galleries, exhibitions, the Salon seen as a public show, painters, sculptors and critics. It is the spectator's counterpart of [Her Art](ART_PRACTICE.md), which covers her own work and studio.

Arthur

The family's maître d'hôtel in Nice, 1874-75 (see Identity below).

Arthur Danis

A small, slight young man of Nice, one of the "petit bataclan niçois" (046.0150) around the Audiffret set in 1875–76: Marie's lists of Nice men run «Saëtone, Galula, Danis, Roissard et de temps en temps Audiffret» (059.0684). Kernberger (2013, glossary) gives «Danis, Arthur: associate of Audiffret, acquaintance in Nice». The full name appears in Marie's own verse, «Plus timide, plus maigre et petit / Apparaît Arthur Danis / Aux faux cols irréprochables» (039/1875-08-21, 039.0170), and in a mock summons «sur Arthur Danis en particulier» (054.0204). Nothing further is known about him beyond the diary: age, family and later life are not identified. The «président Danis» who signs the invitation to the flood-relief bal champêtre (035.0167) is probably the same man in his committee role; «Danis-fils» (038.0218) may mean the son of a Danis senior, which would make him Arthur, but the text does not settle it.

Arthur Foster

Arthur Malausséna

Arthur Malausséna (Nice 1846 - Paris 1899), lawyer (avocat) in Nice, son of [#Malaussena](./MALAUSSENA.md) (François Malausséna, the former mayor); later a republican deputy of the Alpes-Maritimes and legal adviser to the Société des Bains de Mer de Monaco (fr.wikipedia, "Arthur Malausséna"). In the Mon Journal indexes he is «Malausséna (Arthur), avocat» (t.1 index, pp. 167, 184, 195, 197; t.2 index, p. 81).

Arthur-Léon Imbert de Saint-Amand

Baron Arthur-Léon Imbert de Saint-Amand (Paris, 22 November 1834 -- Paris, 22 June 1900) was a diplomat of the French Foreign Ministry and a popular historian of the women of the French courts. He was the son of General Baron Bernard-Marthe Imbert de Saint-Amand (1788-1864) and of Flore Domon, and entered the Quai d'Orsay in 1855; he was made second-class minister plenipotentiary in 1877 and first-class in 1882 ([fr.wikipedia: Arthur-Léon Imbert de Saint-Amand](https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur-L%C3%A9on_Imbert_de_Saint-Amand); [fr.wikipedia: Bernard-Marthe Imbert de Saint-Amand](https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernard-Marthe_Imbert_de_Saint-Amand)). He became widely read through two long series, *Les Femmes de Versailles* (1875-1879) and *Les Femmes des Tuileries* (1880-1887), and was an unsuccessful candidate for the Académie française in 1898 ([fr.wikipedia](https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur-L%C3%A9on_Imbert_de_Saint-Amand); [BnF data](https://data.bnf.fr/fr/12758746/arthur-leon_imbert_de_saint-amand/)).

Astrolabe

A racehorse that won at Cagnes, mentioned by Marie in February 1873.

Atelier

[Research needed]

Athos

- Type: people - mentioned

Au Bon Gout

A Paris shop named once by Marie, on 10 June 1874, in a list with the department store Bon Marché: «je passai une heure et demie au Bon Marché, au Bon Goût etc.», on a day when she also failed to order her riding habit (020.0200). It is a retail shop not otherwise identified; no address, owner or goods are given.

Auch

- Type: places - cities

Auda

Seamstress or dressmaker who works for the Bashkirtseff family.

Audrey

A pupil in the women's atelier of Rodolphe Julian, in Paris in 1881. Mon Journal t.14 index: «Audrey, élève à l'atelier Julian : 102». The name is presumably English or Anglo-American; the diary gives no first name, nationality or work.

Auguste

Servant or attendant who informs Marie where her mother has gone.

Auguste Hohenlohe

Augustine

- Type: people - mentioned

Aulus Gellius (Aulu-Gelle)

Aulus Gellius (c. 125 - after 180 AD), Roman author of the *Noctes Atticae* (Attic Nights), a miscellany of grammar, philosophy, history and antiquarian anecdote, much used in French schools as a Latin reader (Wikipedia, "Aulus Gellius").

Aunt

Aunt Sally

Aunt Sally, an English throwing game of fairs, racecourses and garden parties from the mid-nineteenth century: players throw sticks at a target on a post, originally a carved wooden head of an old woman with a clay pipe (footnote 025.0198.1). Marie writes the name in English.

Austria (Autriche)

The Austro-Hungarian Empire (officially Austria-Hungary from 1867) was one of the great European powers of Marie Bashkirtseff's era, ruled by Emperor Franz Joseph I. Austria appears in Marie's diary through aristocratic connections (the Esterhazy family and other Austrian nobles encountered on the Riviera), cultural references (Viennese music and art), and as part of the broader European political landscape that shaped her world.

Auteuil

Auteuil is a neighborhood in the 16th arrondissement of Paris, located near the Bois de Boulogne. In Marie Bashkirtseff's time, Auteuil was a fashionable residential area known for its villas, gardens, and the Auteuil racecourse (Hippodrome d'Auteuil, opened 1873), which hosted steeplechase racing and was a major social venue.

Automne

*Automne* (Russian *Осень*, oil on canvas, reported as 117 × 97 cm) is an autumn landscape usually dated **1883**, though one transcription of a museum wall label gives 1884. It is said to be in the **State Russian Museum**, St Petersburg. **The evidence for all of this is thin**, and the entry says so rather than tidying it: the picture is not in the museum's online catalogue, its dimensions are unverified, and the attribution rests on secondary reports and a visitor's transcription of exhibition labels. Readers should treat the location and the measurements as unconfirmed.

Autoportrait à la palette

*Autoportrait à la palette* (oil on canvas) is **the image by which Marie Bashkirtseff is known**. The painter stands with palette and brush, a harp behind her, looking directly out at the viewer. It hangs in the **Musée des Beaux-Arts Jules Chéret in Nice**, inv. **N.Mba 1982**, given to the city by the artist's mother in **1920**, and is on permanent display. Nice holds the largest surviving group of her work.

Auzac

- Type: people - mentioned

Avenue d Antin

[Research needed]

Avenue de l Alma

- Type: places - streets

Avenue de la Gare

Street in Nice near the train station where the pastry shop Fai/Fay is located.

avenue de la Grande Armee

- Type: places - streets

Avenue de Tourville