O

Weber's romantic opera *Oberon* (1826), or its overture, which Marie plays and hears everywhere.

Obidine

[Research needed]

Oceana Renz

Oceana Renz (dates unconfirmed) was a celebrated tightrope dancer associated with the Renz circus family. She married Ernst Johann Gottlieb Renz in 1873, son of Ernst Renz senior, founder of the Zirkus Renz (established 1843), one of the most famous circus dynasties in 19th-century Europe. She was known as a rope dancer of exceptional skill. In June 1880, on the eve of the Grand Prix, she was performing at a Paris circus — described by Marie as "une représentation épatante" (a stunning performance). "Une foule immense d'hommes envahit la piste pour mieux voir Océana sur son fil de fer" (An immense crowd of men invaded the arena to better see Oceana on her wire).

Octave Feuillet

- Type: people - mentioned

Odeon

- Type: people - mentioned

Odeon Theatre

- Type: places - theaters

Odessa (Odesa)

Odessa (modern Ukrainian: Одеса, Odesa; Russian: Одесса, Odessa) is a major port city on the Black Sea coast of Ukraine. In the 1870s, it was the Russian Empire's second most important port after St. Petersburg and one of its most cosmopolitan cities.

Odette

Odette, Mme Odette Randouin-Berthier, née Gontré (the Mon Journal indexes spell the maiden name Gontié in t.12–13 and Gontré in t.14–16: «Randouin-Berthier (Mme Odette), née Gontré»), wife of Alexandre Randouin-Berthier, a friend of the Gavinis in Paris society from 1878 to 1883 (existing RSR at 100.0140). Marie calls her «la belle Odette» and notes in February 1883 that «Odette a quarante ans mais encore belle» (098.0259).

Odoardo Ginistrelli

Neapolitan racehorse owner and breeder. The race programmes Marie pasted into her notebooks list his horses as «Razza Ginistrelli», owner «Od. Ginistrelli», colours white and blue (070/1877-04-05; 071/1877-05-10). He later sold his stud near Vesuvius, moved to England in the early 1880s and, as owner, breeder and trainer, won the 1908 Derby and Oaks with the filly Signorinetta; he died in 1920 (en.wikipedia «Signorinetta»; Daily Racing Form, 7 Nov 1920, «Ginistrelli Was Noted Turfman»).

Oeil de boeuf

- Type: people - mentioned

Offenbach

Jacques Offenbach (1819–1880), German-born French composer of operettas (*Orphée aux enfers*, *La Belle Hélène*, *La Vie parisienne*), whom the Mon Journal indexes list as «Offenbach (Jacques), compositeur» in t.3–t.16 (en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_Offenbach).

Officer

- Type: people - mentioned

Ogre

Olga Anitchkoff

Olga Anitchkoff, a small daughter of Nicolas and Nina Anitchkoff, Russians of the Nice colony (Mon Journal t.3 index «Anitchkoff (Mlle Olga)», listed beside her sister «Mlle Marie Bogdanova» and their mother «Anitchkoff (Mme), Nina»; t.9 index «Anitchkoff (Mlle Olga)» with her sisters Marie and Vera). In December 1876 she is «une ravissante créature de six ans, mais horriblement mal élevée» (067.1436), so she was about four in 1874.

Olga Hamontoff

- Type: people - mentioned

Olga Sapogenikoff

Olga Sapogenikoff

Olga Sapogenikoff, the younger daughter of Nina Sapogenikoff, and with her elder sister Marie one of the two «Grâces» of Marie Bashkirtseff's Nice years. «Marie seize ans, Olga quatorze» when Marie Bashkirtseff meets them again on 22 January 1875 (029.0014), so she was born about 1860. «Olga est plus grande que sa sœur» and, Marie says, the very image of M. Sapogenikoff (029.0016). She is Marie's closest girl friend until about 1877: the two «font des bêtises» together, play at the «maçonnerie» for «l'accaparation des jeunes gens» (032.0378) and sit in each other's rooms writing novels (049.0360–0361).

Olga Sapogenikoff

Oller

Joseph Oller (1839–1922), Catalan-born Paris entrepreneur who introduced the pari-mutuel betting system on horse races (1867) and later co-founded the Moulin Rouge (1889) (existing RSR at 020.0547; Mon Journal t.3 index «Oller, 259»).

Olliver

«M. Olliver» is the name Marie later gave to the handsome tall man of the Promenade in Nice whom she had taken for Sir Frederic Johnstone in January 1875. Her margin note on the entry of 27 January 1875 reads: «[En travers: Ça n'était point sir Frederick Johnstone mais M. Olliver.]» (029/1875-01-27). This is the man she nicknames «le diable» (029.0117, 29 Jan 1875; 031/1875-04-17 «ce maudit diabolus»). See SIR_FREDERIC_JOHNSTONE for the whole episode (January–April 1875).

Olympus

Ombres de carnaval

A pair of India-ink drawings on paper, each 20 × 38 cm (framed 35,5 × 55 cm), dated **1882**, in the **Musée des Beaux-Arts Jules Chéret** in Nice under **N.Mba 1977.1** and **N.Mba 1977.2**. The museum treats them as a diptych and calls them *Ombres de carnaval*: gesticulating figures of the Nice carnival, sketched in profile as silhouettes. Kernberger reproduces one of them as *Deux silhouettes burlesques*, 1882, Musée des Beaux-Arts, Nice.

Omens & Superstition

This thematic tag collects diary paragraphs where Marie reads a sign: a broken mirror, a dog that follows her, a fortune told by a card-reader or an acquaintance, bibliomancy with an encyclopaedia, the numerology of a lover's name. Marie half-believes and half-mocks her own credulity, and the signs she notes tend to cluster around love and death.

Omnibus

An omnibus (from Latin *omnibus*, "for all") was a large horse-drawn public transport vehicle operating on fixed routes, the predecessor of the modern bus. Introduced in Paris in 1828, omnibuses became a standard feature of urban transport in major European cities. The shortened form "bus" eventually displaced the original word.

Oncle Alexandre

Oncle Emile (Emile Stépanovitch Babanine)

Emile Stépanovitch Babanine was one of the sons of [Grand-papa](../family/GRAND_PAPA.md) Stepan Babanine, and so a brother of [Maman](../family/MAMAN.md) and of [Ma tante](../family/MA_TANTE.md) Nadine Romanoff. He died in Russia in about May 1874. Marie heard of it in London in September 1874. The Mon Journal indexes name him: t.5 «†Babanine (Emile), oncle, 252, 303» and t.9 «†Babanine (Emile Stépanovitch), oncle de Marie Bashkirtseff, 158». Kernberger (2013, glossary) has «Émile: Uncle Babanine». The patronymic is from Grand-papa, Stepan («Etienne»).

Oncle Etienne (Uncle Etienne)

Oncle Lautrec

- Type: people - mentioned

- 22 June 1874 (merged entry GRAND_OPERA): leaving Paris, «en passant par la place du Grand Opéra je voyais les toits des maisons et les vitres des étages supérieurs dorés par les rayons du soleil couchant» (020.0380). The new Opéra (Palais Garnier) on that square opened on 5 January 1875 (en.wikipedia «Palais Garnier»).

Opera Comique

- Type: places - theaters

Opera de Paris

Opera Naples

Opera Nice

- Type: places - theaters

Opera Paris

Orange

- Type: people - mentioned

Orangerie

- Type: people - mentioned

ordre du Lion et du Soleil

The Order of the Lion and the Sun, a Persian order of chivalry founded in 1808 and widely given to foreigners in the nineteenth century. It was created by Fath-Ali Shah Qajar and intended first to reward foreigners' services; detailed statutes followed under Mohammad Shah in 1834, and it was replaced by the Order of Homayoun under the Pahlavis. (Sources: Wikipedia, «Order of the Lion and the Sun», https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Order_of_the_Lion_and_the_Sun; Encyclopaedia Iranica, «Decorations», https://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/decorations; the later grade structure varies between sources.)

Orel (Oryol)

Russian city on the Oka, south of Moscow, capital of the province (gouvernement) of the same name (Wikipedia, "Oryol").

Orgeski

Orgesko

M. Orgesko, a Russian of the Nice colony (Mon Journal indexes: «Orgesko (M.)» t.4 p.172, t.12 p.107). One of the five witnesses of Marie's grandfather's will, made at Nice (RSR at 082.0269).

Orlando furioso (Ariosto)

*Orlando furioso* ("The Frenzy of Orlando") is the epic chivalric poem by Ludovico Ariosto (1474-1533), a continuation of Boiardo's unfinished *Orlando innamorato*. The earliest version appeared in 1516 and the poem was not published in its complete form, 46 cantos in *ottava rima*, until 1532. It was the great court poem of the Italian Renaissance and the favourite reading of Italian ladies and gentlemen for three centuries. (Wikipedia, "Orlando Furioso".)

Orleans

- Type: people - mentioned

Orloff

[Research needed]

Orphee

[Research needed]

Orphée aux enfers

*Orphée aux enfers* (Orpheus in the Underworld) is a comic opera by Jacques Offenbach to words by Hector Crémieux and Ludovic Halévy. It was first performed as a two-act "opéra bouffon" at the Bouffes-Parisiens on 21 October 1858 and extensively revised and expanded into a four-act "opéra féerie", presented at the Théâtre de la Gaîté, Paris, on 7 February 1874 (Wikipedia, "Orpheus in the Underworld"). The "Galop infernal" of the underworld scene became the best-known tune of the can-can. The 1874 version, which is the one Marie sees, added spectacle and new scenes.

Orphelins d Auteuil

- Type: people - mentioned

Orthodox Easter

The Eastern Orthodox celebration of Easter, which occurs on a different date from Catholic/Protestant Easter due to calendar differences between the Julian and Gregorian calendars.

Osiris

- Type: people - mentioned

Ostende (Ostend)

Ostende (French spelling of Ostend), a fashionable Belgian seaside resort on the North Sea coast where Marie Bashkirtseff spent August 1874 with her family. The city was a major summer destination for European aristocracy and wealthy bourgeoisie during the 19th century.

Othello

- Type: people - mentioned

Ouchy

- Type: places - cities

Ouida