E

- Type: people - mentioned

Ecole des Beaux Arts

The École nationale des Beaux-Arts, rue Bonaparte, Paris, the state art school (closed to women until 1897) and a venue for exhibitions: the Prix de Rome entries (075.0375, 085.0578), the portrait exhibitions of 1883 (099.0191, 100.0070), the Manet retrospective of January 1884 (102.0649) and the Gambetta competition of June 1884 (104.0502). Not the Nice drawing school of 1874 (culture/history/BEAUX_ARTS) or the Madrid academy Marie visits in 1881 (093.0175, untagged).

Edith

Edith Boyd

- Type: people - mentioned

Edmond

Professional cartomancer (card reader/fortune teller) operating in Paris in September 1877. Distinguished himself among his peers as "l'homme sérieux parmi les siens" according to Marie's assessment.

Edmond Adam

Edmond de Goncourt

Edmond Louis Antoine Huot de Goncourt (1822-1896) was a French writer, literary critic, art critic, and book publisher, celebrated as one of the founding figures of literary naturalism along with his brother Jules de Goncourt (1830-1870). Together, the Goncourt brothers pioneered the concept of "document humain" that profoundly influenced the development of French naturalist literature.

Edouard Strauss

- Type: people - mentioned

Edwards

- Type: people - mentioned

Edy

M. Edy (with a Mme Edy in the Mon Journal t.2 index: «Edy (M.), 214, 240, 265; Edy (Mme), 240»), a gentleman of the Riviera circle of 1873–74.

Eglise

[Research needed]

Egor Stepanovitch

A man who arrives unexpectedly at the Bashkirtseff home on May 3, 1873. Marie is surprised but very happy to see him, and describes him as "Pauvre homme ! voilà encore une vie brisée !" (Poor man! there's another broken life!).

Egypt

- **January 18**: Marie notes about Hamilton: "ils passeront l'hiver en Egypte" (they will spend the winter in Egypt). This information about the Duke and Duchess of Hamilton's travel plans torments Marie as she sees reminders of him everywhere at the races.

Egypte

Eleonora

Not a person's name but a role: Marie's «Eleonora» is the soprano singing Leonora in Verdi's *Il Trovatore* at the Nice Italian opera in December 1874; she calls the singer by the character's name and never gives her own.

Elisabeth de la Croix de Castries, Duchesse de Magenta

The Duchesse de Magenta was Elisabeth de la Croix de Castries (22 April 1834 -- 21 September 1900), wife of Patrice de MacMahon, Duke of Magenta, who served as President of the French Republic from 1873 to 1879. As the wife of the President of the Republic (who held a marshal's and ducal title), she was simultaneously France's "first lady" and a duchess -- a unique position in the early Third Republic.

Elise

- Type: people - mentioned

Ellam

A London maker of whips, from whom Marie buys her riding whip: on 1874-09-08 (023.0598), in the list of purchases for her riding outfit (costume - Wolmershausen: 11 £; amazone - Paole: 10 £; waterproof - Scott: 3 £; umbrella - Saugster: 4 £; hats - Brown, 2 £, and Harman, 18 s), «cravache - Ellam: 2 £ 4 s». The Mon Journal t.4 index has «Ellam, magasin, 137». No further detail on the shop was found.

Elysee

- Type: places - landmarks

Emile d'Audiffret is the young Niçois nobleman who becomes the first serious romantic preoccupation of Marie Bashkirtseff's adolescence. Marie herself, in her final accounting (carnet 103, February 1884), places him first in her numbered catalogue of love interests: "D'abord le Surprenant mais stupide Emile d'Audiffret... Quinze ans... Premier amour non, mais premier... quelque chose." He dominates the diary from late 1874 through early 1876, with a dense constellation of nicknames (at least twenty), satirical verses, anonymous letters, invented verbs, code name systems, and extended psychological self-analysis. His significance lies less in the relationship itself -- which never progressed beyond flirtation and mutual avoidance -- than in what it reveals about Marie's emerging emotional and literary intelligence.

Emile Tutcheff

«Emile» is a man who stayed in Nice with the family in February-March 1873, together with a «Sophie», and left with her on 19 March 1873. The Mon Journal t.1 index lists him as «Tutscheff (Emile)» (pp. 12, 40, 44, 48, 51, 60, 61, 67, 68, 73, 74, 77), on the same pages as «Tutscheff (Mme Sophie Grigorievna), née Bashkirtseff». The t.2 index adds «Tutcheff (Emile), 255, 260», the days around 28 December 1873. The index gives no relationship, and Marie never writes «Tutcheff» next to the name Emile.

Emile Zola

Emile Edouard Charles Antoine Zola (2 April 1840 -- 29 September 1902) was a French novelist, journalist, and public intellectual. He was the leading figure of the Naturalist literary movement and author of the monumental *Les Rougon-Macquart* cycle of 20 novels (1871-1893), which depicted life under the Second Empire through the story of one family.

Emma Albani

Emma Albani (Marie-Louise-Emma-Cécile Lajeunesse, 1847–1930), the Canadian-born soprano, one of the great Marguerites and Violettas of the 1870s and 1880s (en.wikipedia «Emma Albani»). Mon Journal t.11 index: «Albani (Marie Emma Mlle), chanteuse : 137».

Emmanuel Arago

- Type: people - mentioned

Empereur

Empereur du Bresil

- Type: people - mentioned

Emperor Alexander II

Empire

- Type: people - mentioned

Ems

- Type: places - cities

Enghien

- Type: people - mentioned

England

England appears in the diary primarily in connection with the Duke of Hamilton and English visitors to Nice.

English

English is the third most frequently used language in Marie Bashkirtseff's diary after French and Russian. Marie studied English formally from January 12, 1872 (age 11), and within two years achieved sufficient fluency to write extended passages, conduct conversations, read English literature, and compose journalistic articles in the language. Of the approximately 3,800 diary entries across 107 carnets, English appears in 587 files -- making it the #14 most-referenced glossary entry in the entire project. Marie's use of English ranges from single loanwords naturalized into her French prose to full paragraphs and even entire extended passages written entirely in English, particularly in the early carnets (001-015) when she was most immersed in the Anglo-dominated social world of Nice.

English Hats

*English Hats*, a hatter's shop in Paris where Marie buys a riding cap on the day of departure from Paris (entry of 1874-06-22, 020.0376): «Le lendemain jour de départ, nous allâmes chez English Hats, j'ai acheté une calotte de jockey en velours ...». The same paragraph records the visit to Caroline (Laferrière) and Dusautoy's failure to fix her riding habit. No address was found.

ENGLISH_TEACHER

Enoteas

Epailly

Commandant d'Epailly, member of the women's-rights society Le Droit des femmes (Mon Journal t.14 index: «Epailly (commandant), société droits de la femme: 189»). On 1881-08-18 (092.0422) fourteen members vote his expulsion, together with Mlle Drouin, for having «calomnié et embêté Hubertine» (Hubertine Auclert): Epailly wrote an article on the women's demonstration «le 14» (14 July 1881, the national holiday, per the footnote), «inoffensif et presque pas blagueur»; Lévrier replied in *La Citoyenne* (the paper Auclert founded in 1881) «par des grossièretés»; Epailly then wrote to a newspaper Marie names «l'Evènement» (L'Événement). Marie reports the meeting as an eyewitness and notes that there must have been earlier grievances between Lévrier, Epailly and Hubertine. See [#Hubertine Auclert](HUBERTINE_AUCLERT.md) and [#Drouin](DROUIN.md). No first name; the rank is the only identification found in the sources (en.wikipedia «Hubertine Auclert» does not mention him).

Epictete

- Type: people - mentioned

Epictetus (Épictète)

Epictetus (Greek: Ἐπίκτητος; c. 50 - c. 135 AD) was a Greek Stoic philosopher. Born a slave in Phrygia (modern-day Turkey), he eventually gained his freedom and established his own school of philosophy in Nicopolis, Greece.

Epsom

Epsom, the Surrey racecourse (Epsom Downs) where the Derby is run, named once by Marie in 1874-06-28 (020.0414), with the newspaper notice of the Hamiltons' return: «"Le duc et la duchesse de Hamilton sont arrivés en Angleterre venant d'Orient" (Derby) tout comme si on disait que la pouliche de M. Lefèvre est arrivée à Epsom, après le Grand Prix. Cette belle annonce me rappela à moi, et j'ai envie de pleurer.» The notice is apparently taken from the sporting paper *Le Derby*, the word she puts in brackets (compare [#Le Derby](../../culture/newspapers/LE_DERBY.md)); the joke compares the announcement to a racing result ("arrived at Epsom, after the Grand Prix"). The Grand Prix de Paris of 1874 was run on 14 June (Mon Journal t.3 index). Not a person: a place, see the move list.

Ermolaïeff

Russian visitor to the Bashkirtseff household.

Ermont

[Research needed]

Ernest Meissonier

Jean-Louis-Ernest Meissonier (21 February 1815, Lyon -- 31 January 1891, Paris) was the most celebrated and best-paid French painter of Marie's time. He was known for small, microscopically exact genre scenes in seventeenth- and eighteenth-century costume and for Napoleonic battle pictures (*1807, Friedland*, 1875, Metropolitan Museum). He was elected to the Académie des beaux-arts in 1861, became grand officer of the Légion d'honneur in 1880 and grand-croix in 1889, lived at Poissy from 1846 (where he was mayor for about a year, 1878--1879) and in 1890 became the first president of the re-founded Société nationale des beaux-arts ([Wikipedia fr, "Ernest Meissonier"](https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernest_Meissonier)). His catalogue includes several Antibes subjects, which explains why Marie, a Nice girl, singles out his scenes "sur la route d'Antibes".

Ernest Renan

- Type: people - mentioned

Ernesto Lombardi

Ernesto Lombardi, an Italian in the Nice circle of the Gambarts (Mon Journal t.4 index: «Lombardi (Ernesto), italien, 162, 175»).

Ernesto Rossi

Ernesto Rossi (1827-1896), Italian tragic actor, with Tommaso Salvini the leading Italian interpreter of Shakespeare in the second half of the century; Othello was one of his great parts, and he toured widely abroad (Wikipedia, "Ernesto Rossi"). The Mon Journal tome 5 index lists him as "Rossi, comédien".

Escoffier

A pastry-cook (pâtisserie) of Nice; Mon Journal t.3 index «Escoffier, pâtisserie, 19». On 1874-01-12 (015.0132): «Chez Escoffier nous prenons un paskha et nous allons porter cela à Mme Warrodel, pour la pendaison de crémaillère.» (A *paskha* is the pyramid-shaped Russian Easter cheese dessert; the housewarming is Mme Warrodel's.) No first name or address found.

Escorial (El Escorial)

El Escorial is the massive royal palace-monastery complex built by King Philip II of Spain (1563-1584), located about 45 km northwest of Madrid. One of the most imposing buildings in Europe, it served as a royal palace, monastery, basilica, library, and royal pantheon. For Marie Bashkirtseff, visiting El Escorial during the family's Spanish travels would have been an encounter with the austere grandeur of the Spanish Habsburg dynasty.

Espagne

- Type: people - mentioned

Etienne

Etienne (Stepan) Babanine was the son of [#Georges](../family/GEORGES.md) Babanine and his wife [#Domenica](DOMENICA.md), the younger brother of [#Dina](../core/DINA.md) and of [#Lola](LOLA.md), and so Marie's first cousin. He was Dina's full brother: the preface says of Domenica «De Georges elle eut encore deux enfants. Une fille, Lola, et un garçon, Etienne. La fille est mariée. Le garçon est mort à seize ans, vous verrez comment» (000.0035). Kernberger (2013, Genealogy appendix) lists him as «Étienne Yégorovitch Babanine».

Etienne Alexandrovitch Babanine ("le petit Etienne")

Marie's small cousin, the young son of her uncle [#Alexandre](../core/ALEXANDRE.md) Babanine and his wife Nadine, who live at [#Tcherniakovka](../../places/residences/TCHERNIAKOVKA.md). The Mon Journal t.9 index lists him as «Babanine (Etienne Alexandrovitch), cousin de Marie Bashkirtseff» (pp. 76, 78, 152, 281-282). The diary names him only as «le petit Etienne», which is why the bare tag ETIENNE (Georges's son, who died at sixteen) and the uncle Etienne (Stiopa; [#Tante Etienne](TANTE_ETIENNE.md)) are both wrong for him.

Eu

The comtesse d'Eu, Isabel (1846–1921), daughter of Emperor Pedro II of Brazil and heiress to the Brazilian throne, wife since 1864 of Gaston d'Orléans, comte d'Eu, grandson of King Louis-Philippe (en.wikipedia «Isabel, Princess Imperial of Brazil»). Marie mentions her once, on 1881-03-25 (091.0355), in the evening at the Gavinis': the marquis de Graves «qui était dans la loge du duc de Nemours et de la comtesse d'Eu, future impératrice»; a footnote explains that Nemours was the father of the comte d'Eu. Mon Journal indexes: «Eu (comte d'), 33» and «Eu (comtesse), 33» (t.12), «Eu (comtesse de), 104» (t.14). The tag is a title, not a name; a fuller entry could be filed under Isabel's name.

Eugène Jolibois

Bonapartist deputy for the Charente-Inférieure. The index of *Mon Journal* t.12 lists «Jolibois (Eugène), homme politique : 154». English Wikipedia («Eugène Jolibois») gives him as deputy from 1876 to 1893, first elected for the second constituency of Saintes on 20 February 1876 with the backing of Baron Eugène Eschassériaux.

Eugene Onegin (Pushkin)

Alexander Pushkin's novel in verse, published in full in 1833. The young Tatiana declares her love to Onegin in a letter; he rebuffs her; years later, when she is married, he falls in love with her and she refuses him (en.wikipedia «Eugene Onegin»). See [Pushkin](PUSHKIN.md).

Eugène Richtenberger

A young official in the republican circle of 1879. Marie: «Eugène Richtenberger, secrétaire du Préfet de police, ami de Joseph et fils de Mme Richtenberger une sorte de femme politique juive» (086.0592, 086/1879-11-27). The Mon Journal t.13 index lists «Richtenberger (Eugène, fonctionnaire) : 127-128» and «Richtenberger (Mme, mère du précédent) : 127». The prefect of police then was Louis Andrieux (t.13 index). No outside source checked.

Eugene Rougon

[Research needed]

Eugène-Melchior de Vogüé

Eugène-Melchior, vicomte de Vogüé (1848-1910), French diplomat, literary critic, and one of the earliest and most influential French popularizers of Russian literature. He served as a diplomat in Saint Petersburg (1877-1882), where he married the Russian aristocrat Aleksandra Annenkova and gained direct knowledge of the Russian language, literature, and society that shaped his subsequent criticism.

Eugenie

Euphrosine

Euterpe

- Type: people - mentioned

Exposition

Exposition aux Mirlitons

Exposition de Nice

- Type: people - mentioned

Exposition Triennale (1883)

The Exposition nationale des beaux-arts of 1883, called the «Exposition triennale» or «Salon triennal», was a state exhibition of living artists held in the autumn of 1883 at the Palais des Champs-Élysées (the Palais de l'Industrie) in Paris. It was meant to be held every three years, alongside the annual Salon, which the artists' own Société des artistes français had run since 1881. Its official catalogue is dated 15 September 1883 (BnF catalogue record, «Catalogue officiel des ouvrages de peinture, sculpture … des artistes vivants exposés au Palais des Champs-Élysées, le 15 septembre 1883»). A French museum record gives the run as 15 September to 31 October 1883 (pop.culture.gouv.fr, Joconde notice 06570004209). Marie still visited it on 22 November (102.0308), so it may have been extended; this is not checked.

Exposition Universelle (Paris 1878)

The Paris Universal Exposition (*Exposition universelle*) of 1878, held from 1 May to 10 November 1878 on the Champ de Mars and at the newly built Trocadéro Palace. It marked France's recovery after the Franco-Prussian War and showed, among other novelties, the telephone and electric lighting (as summarised in the footnote at 082.0163; see also Wikipedia, «Exposition universelle de 1878»). In Marie's diary it is "l'Exposition", the event that brings her family back to Paris in the autumn of 1877 and fills the social life of the summer of 1878. Not to be confused with the Vienna exposition of 1873, the Nice exhibitions, or the picture exhibitions mentioned in her diary.

Eydkühnen (Chernyshevskoye)

Eydkühnen (now Chernyshevskoye, Kaliningrad Oblast, Russia) was a small Prussian border town on the Russian-German frontier. It served as the main railway crossing point between Germany and the Russian Empire.

Eze