K

Kamensky

A huge man from the Poltava circle of Marie's father, autumn 1876. The Mon Journal t.9 index lists him as «Kamensky (M.)» (pp. 87, 89, 113). His first name and position are not given. The Cyrillic form above is the usual spelling of the surname, not a sourced form for this man.

Kanschine

- Type: people - mentioned

Kapitan

Kapitanenko («Kapitan»)

A retired officer of the Guard from Poltava, a friend of Marie's father and of the Gavronzi household, nicknamed «Kapitan». Marie introduces him in August 1876: «un certain Kapitanenko, [Mots noircis: officier de la] garde en retraite, abruti par la province et les moqueries universelles» (065.0273); «Eristoff et Kapitanenko qu'on nomme Kapitan, suivaient en tilbury» (065.0288). Mon Journal indexes: t.9 «Kapitanenko (officier de la Garde) [Kapitan]», «Kapitan : Kapitanenko»; t.12 «Kapitan (M.)»; t.14 «Kapitanenko (M.) russe Poltava»; t.15 «Kapitan[enko ?] (M.)». His father is [Kapitanenko père](KAPITANENKO_PERE.md).

Kapitanenko père

The father of «Kapitan» ([Kapitanenko](KAPITANENKO.md)), a well-known eccentric of Poltava. Mon Journal t.9 index: «Kapitanenko (M.), père : 126, 166». Marie, 14 October 1876: «Une des plus grandes curiosités de Poltava vint nous voir. C'est le père de Kapitan. Un avare, un original, une brute ou un homme d'esprit, riche et d'une saleté surnaturelle quant au physique. Je ne sais quelle amitié unissait le général Bashkirtseff et cet homme» (067.0054); «Après Kapitan vieux arriva Kapitan jeune» (067.0056); «Kapitan père et fils» (067.0656, 3 November 1876). His forename is not given.

Kapnist

- Type: people - mentioned

Karaouleff

A Russian couple with a child met by Marie on the Basque coast in September 1881 (Bayonne, Fontarabie). Marie chats and draws caricatures with Mme Karaouleff, «elle est gentille» (093.0129, 24 Sept); the family goes on the outings (093.0140-0141, 27 Sept); the wife is «très belle mais pas du meilleur genre», and she cannot bear the husband, «ce Karaouleff que je ne connais pas et qui est ennuyeux» (093.0141, 093.0147). The Mon Journal t.14 index has «Karaouleff (Les), 213, 223».

Karitoff

Russian family who dines at London House and admires Marie, seeking to arrange a marriage match.

Karkoff (Kharkiv / Харків)

Karkoff (now Kharkiv, Ukrainian: Харків) is a major city in northeastern Ukraine, the second-largest city in Ukraine. In 1881, it was an important administrative, commercial, and cultural center of the Russian Empire.

Karlsbad (Carlsbad / Karlovy Vary)

Karlsbad (now Karlovy Vary in the Czech Republic) was one of Europe's most prestigious spa towns, famous for its hot mineral springs and elegant Kur (cure) culture. Located in Bohemia (then part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire), it was a regular destination for European aristocracy and the wealthy bourgeoisie seeking health treatments and social display. The Bashkirtseff family likely visited as part of the circuit of fashionable European spa towns.

Kars

- Type: people - mentioned

Katherine Kernberger

Katherine Kernberger is an American scholar, translator, and editor who produced the first unabridged English translation of Marie Bashkirtseff's diary. Her two-volume edition, published by Fonthill Press in 2013, is the definitive English-language reference for the complete diary.

Katia (Filimonoff)

Bride at the Filimonoff Russian Orthodox wedding Marie attends. A young Russian woman marrying into the Potemkine family.

Katorbinsky

- Type: people - mentioned

Katsai

On 9 January 1874, after reading the *Echos* account of the Duke of Hamilton's marriage, Marie writes: «On parla de Bade, (Katsaï) et Hamilton» (015.0099), while her father calls Hamilton «un roux sale ... un monstre». The word in brackets is the whole evidence: it may be a person linked with the Baden gambling resort, or a place or a nickname; the diary does not say.

Kazaï

A location in Baden-Baden where Marie once saw the Duke of Hamilton, now part of her treasured memories of him.

Kazan Cathedral (Cathedrale de Kazan)

The Kazan Cathedral (Kazansky Sobor) is one of the most prominent churches in St. Petersburg, located on the Nevsky Prospect. Built 1801-1811 by architect Andrei Voronikhin, its design was inspired by St. Peter's Basilica in Rome, featuring a magnificent colonnade of 96 columns. It housed the revered icon of Our Lady of Kazan and served as the cathedral of the diocese of St. Petersburg.

Kechko

Natalija Keško (Natalie Keschko, 1859–1941), daughter of Colonel Petar Keško, a Russian army officer of a Bessarabian boyar family, and Princess Pulcheria Sturdza. On 17 October 1875 (New Style) she married her second cousin Prince Milan Obrenović in Belgrade; Princess of Serbia 1875–1882, Queen 1882–1889 (Wikipedia, "Natalie of Serbia"). The identification rests on Marie's own words: "son futur mariage avec le prince Milan de Serbie" (041.0144), "les noces du prince Milan de Serbie avec Kechko" (048.0051), "Mlle Kechko, princesse de Serbie" (063.0343), and her "gros nez moldave" (063.0343).

Kefe

Kennedy

- Type: people - mentioned

Kessler

Paris society hostess of the early 1880s, repeatedly named «la comtesse (de) Kessler» or «Mme de Kessler», with a husband, «le comte Kessler». Marie goes to her soirée of 19 January 1882, where the German and Turkish ambassadors are present and «l'élément allemand dominait» (094.0189), and is invited to her Wednesdays (094.0190); on 6 June 1882 «Soirée chez la Kessler, je suis charmante et fais la connaissance de Cabanel» (095.0136); on 10 January 1883 the countess sends her opera box for *Hamlet* (097.0419); on 25 November 1883 the count and countess call: «La comtesse s'en va de la poitrine» (102.0319). On 27 May 1883 Marie calls her «une étrangère où il n'y a pas de gloire à être reçue» (100.0009); on 3 June 1884 she refuses to go to her (104.0505). She is also a guest at the Bashkirtseff soirée of 13 January 1882 (094.0159), and on 24 February 1884 «les Kessler» irritate Marie with their remarks on her portrait of Dina (103.0396). Mon Journal indexes: t.14 «Kessler (Mme, comtesse), 274, 278», t.15 «Kessler (comtesse de), 21, 153, 269», t.16 «Kessler (comte), 85, 150».

Khalkionoff

A young Russian man who dies in Nice on March 14, 1874 at 5 PM. Marie remembers him as good, upright, and modest.

Kharkoff (Kharkiv)

Kharkoff (Ukrainian: Харків, Kharkiv; Russian: Харьков, Kharkov) was a major city in northeastern Ukraine and the capital of Kharkov Governorate in the Russian Empire. In Marie's family history, it served as the theatrical setting for the elaborate courtship scheme to ensnare her uncle Romanoff.

Kharkov (Kharkiv)

Kharkov (now Kharkiv, Ukraine) was one of the major cities of the Russian Empire's Ukrainian provinces, and the closest large city to the Bashkirtseff family's estates in the Poltava region. In the 1870s-1880s, Kharkov was a growing industrial and educational center, home to the University of Kharkov (founded 1804) and serving as an important administrative hub.

Kiev (Kyiv / Київ)

Kiev (Ukrainian: Київ, Kyiv; Russian: Киев) is a major historic city in Ukraine, situated on the Dnieper River. Marie visits in July 1881 during her journey from Gavronzi back to Western Europe.

Kiki

Kiki was a visitor to Marie's home in Paris in October 1880. On October 17, Kiki came with Saint-Amand while Marie and her aunt were at the Concert Pasdeloup. On October 25, they found Kiki waiting when they returned home.

King Alfonso XII

- Type: people - mentioned

King Humbert

King of Hanover

The last King of Hanover, whose son visits Nice in February 1874. Hanover was annexed by Prussia in 1866, ending the kingdom.

Kinsky

A young man who participates in jumping rope contests with Boreel and Emile d'Audiffret at the London House restaurant.

Kirch

Kireyewsky

- Type: people - mentioned

Kiriewsky

A Russian acquaintance of Marie's in Paris, spring 1880. Introduced to her along with "le baron Brunier" at an outdoor gathering on the Champs-Élysées steps on 3 May 1880. Also encountered at dinner on 4 May 1880 with the Russian community ("nos Russes à dîner"). Described only as one of "Nos Russes" — a member of the Russian émigré or visiting social circle in Paris.

Kirsh

M. Kirch (Marie's other spelling; Mon Journal t.3 index «Kirch (M.)», pp. 250-256, 258), a Belgian at Spa in summer 1874, a useful man at the Casino «pour toutes les choses» (020.0445): bald, stout, forty to forty-five, «ressemble à un propriétaire russe, regardé ici comme un monsieur de premier ordre, antipathique» (020.0475). Everyone calls him «la fleur des cavaliers belges»; Marie finds him «atroce», a «paysan» (020.0467), resents his admiration (020.0454) and his gossip about a man's «réputation» (020.0508). He plays billiards with her party (020.0444), is at Gambart's reception on 1 July (020.0484-0486) and comes with Gambart's suite on later days (021.0442, 021.0547). A letter from Kirsh to Marie in August tells of a cotillon organised by Haristoff and de Biesme (023.0238); in Nice later they speak of Spa, Gericke, Kirsh and the count (023.0113).

Kitty

One of the horses Marie rides in Nice from the riding school. On 17 November 1873, after an accident with another horse, «je prends Kitty pour retourner et en bon trot commode je rentre» (012.0269); on 3 January 1874 she changes horse at the route Saint-Pons: «je pris Kitty, puis ... j'ai encore repris Rob Roy que je sais faire trotter» (015.0020).

Klein

Klein was the fancy-leather-goods house of August Klein (bookbinder and leather worker, who founded his Vienna shop in 1847 and showed at the world exhibitions; Wikipedia, «August Klein»), with a branch on the Paris boulevards (pieces marked «Klein, 38 Bd. des Italiens, Paris» in the antiques trade). Mon Journal t.2 index: «Klein, maroquinier». Marie shops at both houses in 1873: in **Vienna** during the Exhibition («Nous allâmes d'abord chez Klein. Je voulais acheter une cravache éventail comme j'ai vu à l'Exposition, mais ils n'en ont pas», 007.0351, 6 Aug 1873; «chez Klein. On acheta plusieurs petites choses; moi, une glace en cuir de Russie», 007.0365, 8 Aug), and in **Paris** a fortnight later («un porte-monnaie très bien, et commode: vingt-deux francs chez Klein», 008.0137, 23 Aug), where the shop window shows Walery's photographs of Gioia (008.0181, 008.0194, 008.0203). She returns to the Paris shop in 1875 and 1878–79 (wallets, 083; the «riche Hongrois» who followed her «chez Klein», 084.0102).

Koblenz

- Type: people - mentioned

Koechlin

- Type: people - mentioned

Kolemine

- Type: people - mentioned

Kondareff

A Russian family in Nice, 1876–77. Mme Kondareff is the sister of Princess Souvoroff, «la plus laide et la plus pauvre des Basilewsky» (068.0063); in May 1877 she sups with Marie's aunt (071.0366) and is «toujours en train d'emprunter» (071.0502). Her daughter is «la petite Lisa Kondareff, nièce de la princesse Souvoroff» (068.0751), the Lise of twelve («Lise a douze ans», 071.0527) who cannot pronounce *r* (071.0541) and plays with the Anitchkoff girls in May–June 1877. The Mon Journal t.10 index lists «Kondareff (Mlle Lise), 174, 176, 178-179, 180, 188, 190, 192, 195, 197, 208, 215, 223, 231».

Kondratieff

A Russian family in the Nice winter colony of 1873-74. On 15 October 1873 Marie lists a group on the Promenade: «Mme Vigier, Mlle de Comar, Richaud, Kondratieffs cousin» (011.0013, the cousin of a Kondratieff); on 9 January 1874 a Mme Kondratieff is among the mamans watching the children's cotillon with Mme Apletcheïeff (015.0095). No first names; the family is not indexed in Mon Journal under this spelling.

Konigstein

- Type: people - mentioned

Konotop

Konotop, a town in the Chernigov province of the Russian Empire (now Sumy oblast, Ukraine), on the Kiev–Kursk railway; the station nearest to the Bashkirtseff estates in 1876 (064.0457, «station de chemin de fer voisine du bien de mon père»). Étienne telegraphs from there in August 1876 (064.0388); in 1878 «Mme Tarnowsky, une aristocrate de Konotop» comes to lunch (083.0058).

Korsakoff

- Type: people - mentioned

Koucheleff

- Type: people - mentioned

Koukoueff

- Type: people - mentioned

Koulibiaks

Russian savory pies (кулебяка/kulebyaka), traditional festive food ordered by Marie for the villa blessing ceremony.

Kousma

Valet of Marie's father, Constantin Bashkirtseff, at Gavronzi and Poltava in 1876. The Mon Journal t.9 index has «Kousma, serviteur de Constantin Bashkirtseff». Marie: «Kousma valet de chambre de mon père» (067.0983, 067/1876-11-15). Kousma is Marie's French spelling of the Russian first name Kuzma; his surname is not given.

Krassowsky

Member of the Cercle de la Méditerranée in Nice.

Kremlin (Le Kremlin)

The Moscow Kremlin is a fortified complex at the heart of Moscow, serving as the historic center of Russian political and religious power. The triangular enclosure, surrounded by red brick walls with twenty towers, contains palaces, cathedrals, and government buildings spanning centuries of Russian history. In Marie Bashkirtseff's time, the Kremlin was the ceremonial center of the Russian Empire, where coronations and major state events took place.

Kremontchougy (Kremenchug)

Kremontchougy (Kremenchug/Кременчуг in Russian) is a town in the Poltava Governorate in central Ukraine, situated on the Dnieper River. Marie visits here during her Russian summer in 1881.

Krishaber

Maurice Krishaber (1836-1883), Hungarian-born laryngologist, naturalised French in 1872, Prix Montyon 1882 (Wikipedia, «Maurice Krishaber»; sources disagree on his birth year, 1833 or 1836, and on where he died in April 1883). Marie's throat specialist in Paris from 1879. In August 1879 he lets her choose between Mont-Dore and the sea (086.0067); in January 1880 she has her throat electrified (087.0175) and he judges her cough «purement nerveuse» (087.0223, 087.0252). The Krishabers are also social: Mme Krishaber becomes a friend, they invite Marie to act at their home and give Saturday receptions where she meets the prefect of police Andrieux, a relative (087.0304, 087.0479, 087.0522), and the Munkácsys. The Mon Journal t.13 index lists him (pp. 74, 160-161, 164, 166, 169, 173, 184 ...), Mme Krishaber and their son.

Krohn

A man, or his house or business, in Nice in spring 1875. The Mon Journal t.5 index has «Krohn (Henri), 46, 64, 72, 105». The mentions: «Allons chez Krohn !» (032.0225, 2 May); a lane «près de Krohn» which the coachman climbs to see the château (032.0476, 15 May); the carriage of Girofla stopping «devant Krohn» in front of a villa (033.0012, 17 May); on 6 June the company laughs «de Krohn qui s'est chargé de balayer la ville de Nice» (033.0528). The sense (a restaurant or villa on the castle hill, a street-cleaning contractor) can only be inferred from these four lines.

Kronneberg

Singer and actress at the Nice Opera in 1875, who «passait pour sa femme» of the Russian merchant Antonoff (Antonoff). Marie's account of 24 October 1875: «Ayant une jolie voix elle chanta à l'Opéra, avec succès, obtenu surtout à cause de sa position, une dame russe, quasi-amateur»; through the Opera Antonoff met Nice's celebrities (Saëtone, the Audiffrets); «Un beau jour Mme Kronneberg le plante-là» and he builds himself a house on the route de Villefranche (048.0009-048.0011). All of this is Marie's report of gossip; no outside source.

Krumling

- Type: people - mentioned

Kurhaus

The Kurhaus (spa house: assembly rooms, reading room, restaurant and lodgings) of the German spa towns where Marie stayed: Wiesbaden in September 1877 («Quelques personnes autour du Kurhaus et sur le lac», 074.0354) and, above all, Soden in July–August 1878, where the family lodged at the Kurhaus and Marie watched and teased its guests («les habitants du Kurhaus», 081.0568; «Tout ce que contient Soden de gens voisins du Kurhaus», 082.0014; letters addressed «Soden Kurhaus», 082.0118). The tag marks the building of whichever spa the entry is set in.

Kursaal

The Kursaal (from German: Kur = cure/treatment + Saal = hall) was the central social and entertainment venue at European spa resorts and seaside towns during the 19th century. In Marie Bashkirtseff's diary, the Kursaal appears primarily in her accounts of Ostende (August 1874).

Kursaal Ostende