B

Baas

Baas, a restaurant at the Belgian spa town of Spa where the Bashkirtseffs took many of their meals in the summer of 1874 (Mon Journal t.3 index: «Baas, restaurant, 247»; t.4: «Baas, restaurant, 41, 79, 80, 81–82, 85, 89, 94»). It stands near the Croquets square and the Jardin; the ladies went there for meals and chocolate. Not a person.

Baba

- Type: people - mentioned

Babanine (Family Name)

The Babanine (Babanin) family was Marie Bashkirtseff's maternal family line. Marie's mother was Maria Stepanovna Babanina, and the family claimed ancient Tatar nobility origins dating to the first Mongol invasion of Russia.

Baccarat

Baccarat, the French crystal manufacturer, founded in 1764 in the Lorraine town of Baccarat after the closure of the Rozières saltworks freed up the wood of the Vosges forest (Wikipedia, «Baccarat (company)», https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baccarat_(company)). Marie means its Paris shop, on the boulevard (024.0164: «sur le boulevard»). Not a person.

Bacchus

Bachmakoff (M. Bachmakoff)

M. Bachmakoff was a Russian official who had served as vice-governor of Poltava, Ukraine, during the time when Marie's mother (Maria Stepanovna Babanina) was a young woman there. The family encountered him in Geneva in 1870 during their flight from Baden-Baden when the Franco-Prussian War was declared.

Bachmetieff

A man at the Russian embassy in Paris in spring 1881 (Mon Journal t.14 index: «Bachmetieff (M.) : 116»). The only tagged paragraph with his name is 091.0479 (16 April 1881): the family was not invited to the exiled Queen Isabella II's party, because «ce sont les Altavilla qui envoient les cartes et après Appletcheieff ils se sont sans doute informés à l'ambassade auprès de Bachmetieff. Alors c'est complet.» Marie thinks Appletcheieff's gossip and the embassy's information about the Babanine lawsuit in Russia explain the omission.

Bade

- Type: people - mentioned

Baden-Baden

Baden-Baden is a spa town located in southwestern Germany in the state of Baden-Württemberg. During the 19th century, it was one of Europe's most fashionable and prestigious resort destinations, earning the nickname "Summer Capital of Europe." The town was particularly popular among European aristocracy, including Russian nobility, and was known for its thermal baths, casino, and cultural attractions.

Badinguet

- Type: people - mentioned

Bagatelle (Offenbach)

*Bagatelle* is a one-act opéra-comique (often called an operetta) by Jacques Offenbach with a libretto by Hector Crémieux and Ernest Blum, first produced at the Théâtre des Bouffes-Parisiens on 21 May 1874 under the composer's direction (Wikipedia, "Bagatelle (opera)"; BnF catalogue record of the libretto, Choudens and Tresse, 1874). Anna Judic created the title role of Bagatelle, a café-concert star; the maid Finette, her clarinettist lover Pistache and an eighteen-year-old admirer, Georges de Planteville, complicate her boudoir until she returns the young man's love (Wikipedia).

Bagatelle (the dog)

A female dog of Marie's household in 1874, kept alongside the beloved Prater ([#Prater](PRATER.md)). The dog continues in the later years (carnets 042, 072, 084, 088: the bulldog, "écrasée à Spa"). There is no park Bagatelle in the diary. Not the theatre piece "Bagatelle" of 019/1874-05-21, and not the common noun "bagatelle(s)" (003, 004, 007, 018).

Bains Georges

- Type: people - mentioned

Bains Macarani

A bathing establishment in Nice that the family used in the summer of 1873. The Mon Journal t.1 index lists it as «Macarani (bains)» (pp. 207, 239, 240).

Bakounine

Mikhail Alexandrovich Bakunin (1814–1876), Russian revolutionary and anarchist, the best-known Russian «rouge» of the day, living in exile in Switzerland (Wikipedia, «Mikhail Bakunin»). Marie names him only by hearsay, with the other Russian exile Ogareff (Nikolai Ogarev, the socialist poet and friend of Herzen).

Bal (Ball)

A bal (ball) was a formal social event centered on dancing, held in private homes, public venues, or dedicated ballrooms. Balls were among the most important social events of the 19th-century season, offering opportunities for display, courtship, and social advancement. The related forms include the bal masqué (masked ball), bal costumé (costume ball), and the more intimate soirée dansante.

bal d Osmond

- Type: people - mentioned

Bal de l'Opéra

The masked balls held at the Paris Opéra in the carnival season, which Marie attends in disguise with Dina and her friend Mme de Daillens, and which become, in January-February 1878, the setting of her flirtation with [Cassagnac](../../people/recurring/CASSAGNAC.md). In the diary it is a place where a respectable young woman is not supposed to go (her first impression: «je m'attendais à un bal beaucoup plus inconvenant … rien de ce qu'on voit sur les gravures», 077.0400). A footnote already in 091.0185 describes it as the Paris Opéra's masked ball, famous for its mixture of society and demi-monde.

Bal Floreal

- Type: people - mentioned

Bal Waddington

- Type: people - mentioned

Ballorre

Ballote

M. and Mme de Ballote (the Mon Journal indexes give «Ballote (vicomte de)», t.7 p.352, «Ballote (vicomtesse de)», t.9 pp.214, 228, 286, and «Ballote (M.)/(Mme de)», t.5 p.158), Nice acquaintances of the Bashkirtseffs in the 1870s and 1880s. The diary gives no first name or office; Marie counts them among the people she appreciates, «des personnes comme de Mouzay, de Daillens, de Ballote» (052/1876-01-19: «de Ballote et ses filles», so Mme de Ballote has daughters).

Balsorano

Baltazzi

A gentleman rider whose horses Marie rode in Paris in June 1874: «Je vais monter Foliero à M. Baltazzi, nous n'avons pas nos chevaux ici et je monte les chevaux de ce monsieur. Maman n'a pas peur de me laisser avec lui, il monte très bien» (020.0034, 1 June 1874). Mon Journal t.3 index: «Baltazzi (M.), 211» (a later page, not tagged).

Balzac

[Research needed]

Bar-le-Duc

Race horse from Duke of Hamilton's stable, ridden to multiple victories by Prince Louis Esterhazy.

Baranvitch

- Type: people - mentioned

Barbe-bleue (Offenbach)

*Barbe-bleue* is an opéra bouffe in three acts and four tableaux by Jacques Offenbach, to a libretto by Henri Meilhac and Ludovic Halévy, first performed at the Théâtre des Variétés, Paris, on 5 February 1866 (Wikipédia fr, "Barbe-Bleue (opéra bouffe)"). It retells Perrault's fairy tale as a farce: the prince's five earlier wives have in fact only been given sleeping draughts by his alchemist and are found alive in a luxurious store-room, and the peasant girl Boulotte leads a "feminist" procession on the palace (same source). It belongs to the Second Empire golden age of Offenbach's collaborations with Meilhac and Halévy, with *Orphée aux enfers*, *La Belle Hélène* and *La Vie parisienne*.

Barbier

M. Barbier, «un bon vieux monsieur du cercle Masséna, qui nous est connu depuis longtemps et qui était l'ami du comte de Barrème qui est mort l'hiver dernier» (050.0681, 12 December 1875). In November 1874 he is already «M. Barbier, vice-président» of the club of which the comte de Barrême is president (027.0073). Mon Journal t.4 index: «Barbier (M.), 226»; t.6: «Barbier (M.), 224». No first name is given; he was probably an elderly Nice resident (BARREME, CERCLE_MASSENA).

Barkowsky

A Russian count, «le comte Dounine-Barkovsky» (023.0128), whom Marie met at Ostend in August–September 1874; a lawyer and, in her words, «avocat et *homme nouveau*» who plays the piano «très bien, en artiste» (023.0295). Mon Journal indexes: t.4 «Dounine-Barkovsky (comte), 99», t.6 «Dounin-Barkovsky (comte), 225, 239». No first name or later career is given in the diary.

Baron (Louis Bouchené), actor

Louis Bouchené, known as Baron (Alençon, 20 September 1837 – Asnières-sur-Seine, 1 March 1920), comic actor of the Théâtre des Variétés, where he first appeared in July 1866 in *Le Photographe* (fr.wikipedia «Baron (acteur)»). Mon Journal t.12 index: «Baron (Louis Bouchenez dit), acteur : 208, 212».

Baron Bach

A Russian baron who appeared in Nice society in February 1873. Marie notes he might be suitable for her sister Dina.

Baron Brunier

A Russian baron, introduced to Marie at the Champs-Élysées outdoor balcony steps in Paris on 3 May 1880, along with Kiriewsky. Part of the Russian social community (expatriates or visitors) in Paris. No further biographical details recoverable from diary context.

Baron Callotti

«Le vieux baron Callotti, sénateur», whom Marie meets at the Fabbricatore ball in Naples on 18 April 1877 (070.0694). The Mon Journal t.10 index has «Callotti (baron), 123, 126». Probably Baron Giuseppe Gallotti, born in Naples in 1803 of an old noble family, deputy and questore of the Neapolitan Chamber in 1848, later a senator of the Kingdom of Italy (it.wikisource, «Il Parlamento del Regno d'Italia/Giuseppe Gallotti»); confidence 0.7, since the edition spells the name with a C and no other senator of a similar name was checked.

Baron Cartier

Baron who rides horses with Gioia.

Baron d Alt

- Type: people - aristocracy

Baron d Ariste

- Type: people - aristocracy

Baron de Bauche

A gentleman the Bashkirtseffs met at Spa in July 1874. Kernberger (2013, glossary) has him as an "acquaintance in Monte Carlo and Spa". Marie's introduction: "le baron de Bauche, un monsieur qui à Monte-Carlo faisait force avances à maman avant de savoir qui elle était. A l'heure qu'il est il est très charmant et le seul monsieur d'ici" (021/1874-07-08). His wife, by Marie's account, was "née princesse Troubetskoy et sœur de la princesse Woronzoff" (021/1874-07-19).

Baron de Benkendorf

A Russian diplomat, «le baron de Benkendorf, secrétaire d'ambassade à Berlin» (031.0323), who married Julie Voyeikoff (VOYEIKOFF; entry JULIE_DE_BENKENDORFF) in Brussels in the spring of 1875. Mon Journal t.5 index: «Benkendorf (baron de), secrétaire d'ambassade à Berlin, 27–28, 31» and «Benkendorf (Julie), (baronne de), née Voyeïkoff». His first name is not given in the diary and has not been established.

Baron de lAriege

Baron de Meissner (Olga Sapogenikoff's husband)

«Un des Meissner»: the brother of Alexis de Meyssner (Meissner), who marries Olga Sapogenikoff in January 1878 (077/1877-12-27: «Olga se marie avec un des Meissner, le frère de celui que j'ai connu à Nice»). Kernberger (2013, glossary) lists him as "Meissner, Baron de: fiancé of Olga, brother of Alexis".

Baron de Mertens

Baron de Nervo

[Research needed]

Baron de Saint-Clair

French aristocrat and accomplished marksman who participated in Monaco pigeon shoots.

Baron de Saint-Joseph (San Giuseppe)

A Neapolitan baron of the Roman Caccia-Club set, friend of Clément Torlonia and Pietro Antonelli. Marie first sees him on the Corso in Rome: «Torlonia ... marchait avec le baron de Saint-Joseph, un Napolitain assez laid» (056/1876-03-31). In Naples he is introduced to the family by Altamura at the races: «le baron de Saint-Joseph ... qui a été à Rome et qui est du Caccia-Club, de la barcaccia et des amis de Torlonia et de Pietro» (059.0010). In February 1877 Marie calls him «le baron de San Giuseppe, autrement dit Saint-Joseph» (068/1877-02-08). Not further identified.

Baron de Wykerslooth

The husband of Jeanne de Ballore, baronne de Wykerslooth ([Jeanne de Ballore](JEANNE_DE_BALLORE.md)), from whom she was separated: «Vous savez qu'elle est séparée de son mari, le baron de Wykerslooth, fils de la princesse de la Tremoille» (094/1882-02-14, 094.0262). The Mon Journal indexes list him as «Wykerslooth (baron de)» (t.15 p.14, t.16 p.288) and his wife as «Wykerslooth de Weerdesteyn (baronne Jeanne de Balorre)», which points to the Dutch-Belgian family de Wijkerslooth de Weerdesteyn. His forename is not given in the diary and was not found.

baron du Potet

- Type: people - aristocracy

Baron Eugène Eschassériaux

Baron Eugène Eschassériaux (1823–1906), Bonapartist deputy for Charente-Inférieure in the Corps législatif and then in the Chamber of Deputies 1876–1893 (Wikipedia, "Eugène Eschassériaux"; Assemblée nationale, Sycomore). Mon Journal t.12 index: «Eschassériaux (Eugène, baron, comte de Bouville) : 149, 154» (the «comte de Bouville» looks like an index slip; Bouville has his own index line).

Baron Finot

A wealthy, titled figure whom Marie wishes Boreel could be. Marie expresses that if Boreel were Baron Finot, she would be "the happiest of mortals." This reference reveals Marie's preoccupation with titles and wealth in her romantic considerations.

Baron Formosa

- Type: people - aristocracy

baron Haussmann

Baron Larrey

- Type: people - aristocracy

Baron Leiss

Baron Leiss, an acquaintance of Marie and her mother at Ostend in August 1874, who speaks «comme les Belges» (028.0096), so a Belgian or Belgian-resident baron; first name not given. Mon Journal t.4 index: «Leiss (baron), 110, 113, 116, 121, 265». He is not the count «Noël de Leiser», the Pole naturalised English who appears in the same weeks (023.0128).

Baron P.S.C.

A baron who visits the Bashkirtseff household on Friday reception days. Marie refers to him only by initials.

Baron Philippe de Bourgoing

Philippe La Beaume, baron de Bourgoing (1827–1882), Grand Squire (premier écuyer) to Napoleon III, later inspector of the Haras, and five times Bonapartist deputy for the Nièvre; he died in Paris on 20 April 1882 (English Wikipedia, «Philippe La Beaume de Bourgoing»). The index of *Mon Journal* t.12 lists «Bourgoing (Philippe, baron), député : 174, 181».

Baron Rognat

- Type: people - aristocracy

Baron Schenck

- Type: people - aristocracy

Baron Schenk

Baron Visconti

The old Roman baron Visconti, «ancien directeur de l'Empirisme» as the printed text has it (051.0104), a «vieux beau» (053.0472), «personnage remarquable, savant et célèbre et tout-puissant au temps du pape» (060.0455), a spirited man of the world who, as Marie puts it, «bien que très vieux est un homme du monde avec un esprit très souple encore» (053.0472) and «tout le monde connaît». Mon Journal indexes: «Visconti (baron)» in t.6 (p. 276), t.8, t.9 and t.10 (p. 310). Marie arrives in Rome with a letter of introduction to him from Mme de Mouzay (051.0104; 053.0461). The diary gives no first name; an identification with a known Roman Visconti has not been made here.

Baron Yxkull (the Russian envoy in Rome, 1876)

The Russian envoy («l'ambassadeur», «le ministre») in Rome in 1876, husband of the [Baronne Yxkull](BARONNE_YXKULL.md). Letters for Maman come addressed «A son Excellence l'ambassadeur de Sa Majesté l'Empereur de toutes les Russies» (053.0292); Marie fears «l'accueil si froid de l'ambassadeur russe» (054.0006). On 2 April 1876 she tells how «Yxkull était un vieux célibataire» whose secretary Glinka surprised him with his wife and made him marry her (056.0323).

Baronne de Delvig

A lady Marie's family knew at Schlangenbad, whose death they learn of on 14 September 1875 (Nice): «Tout ce temps le bout du nez me démangeait, eh ! bien qu'est-ce que nous apprenons ! La mort de la baronne de Delvig, une dame qu'on a connue à Schlangenbad» (043.0140). Nothing more is said.

baronne de Linsingen

- Type: people - mentioned

Baronne de Wykerslooth

Baronne Formosa

- Type: people - mentioned

Baronne Linsingen

- Type: people - mentioned

Baronne Yxkull (the Russian ambassadress in Rome, 1876)

The wife of the Russian envoy in Rome, whom Marie calls «la baronne d'ixhul» (052.0115), «Mme Ixkull» (055.1007), «la baronne Yxkull» (056.0333) and, most often, «l'ambassadrice». In Marie's account she receives at the embassy at five o'clock, is slow to return Maman's call and then only leaves her card (052.0269, 052.0322, 054.0023), and her coolness blocks the family's presentation at court: «la manière étrange de Mme Ixkull envers nous» (055.1007). Marie tells the story of the couple on 2 April 1876: the envoy, «un vieux célibataire», had a married secretary named Glinka, who surprised him with his wife and made him marry her «après s'être divorcé» (056.0323).

Barreme

The comte de Barrême, an elderly gentleman of Nice, president of the cercle of which M. Barbier was vice-president (027.0073); that club is the Cercle Masséna (Barbier is «du cercle Masséna», 050.0681; on 24 January 1875 the Nice races run «sous le patronage du cercle Masséna», 029.0040). He died in the winter of 1874–75: in December 1875 Barbier is said to have been «l'ami du comte de Barrème qui est mort l'hiver dernier» (050.0681). Mon Journal index: t.3 «Barrême (comte de), 182». The spelling Barrême/Barrème is as printed (note in 050.0681).

Barresse

Horse owner at Nice races in 1874.

Barter Family

English family in Nice society. Marie considers them ordinary, not part of the elegant world.

Bartolo

- Type: people - mentioned

Bas relief

[Research needed]

Bashkirtseff

[Research needed]

Bashkirtseff father

Bashkirtseff pere

Basile

«Prince Basile» in the family house at Dikanka is Vasyl Kochubey (c. 1640 – 15 July 1708), a statesman of the Cossack Hetmanate and General Judge, who denounced Hetman Mazepa to Peter the Great and was executed on the charge brought against him in return (Wikipedia, «Vasily Kochubey», https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasily_Kochubey; reader footnote 3 of that entry). The estate of Dikanka near Poltava, celebrated by Pushkin in *Poltava* and by Gogol, is the seat of the Kochubey princes; Marie visits it from Gavronzi. Not a living person of her world. (The Mon Journal t.9 index has «Basile (cuisinier du prince ...) : 69», a different man, a cook.)

Basilevitch

Mme Basilévitch, a lady of the Spa season of 1874. Marie meets her on 26 June 1874 ("Le soir à la musique avec Viviani, on a fait connaissance de Mme Basilévitch", 020.0406); in July she walks with her at the theatre (021/1874-07-06) and then turns against her ("je me suis trompée ... en disant que Basilévitch est une honnête femme", 021/1874-07-14). The Mon Journal t.5 index has "Basilevitch (Mme), 54, 246"; on p.246 (scan p.247, Schlangenbad, 14 August 1875) Marie compares herself to her: "Je suis ici comme Basilévitch au commencement à Spa, qui demandait à grands cris des cavaliers" (039.0045). The "1 time in Book 13" line above is a leftover of the auto-stub: the file is tagged in carnets 020–024, 032, 039, 084, 088, 091 and 093, not all of them checked. A second stub, people/aristocracy/MME_BASILEVITCH.md (072, 077, 085), may be the same woman; not merged.

Basilewsky

The tag covers the rich Russian Basilewsky family and individual members, never given a first name: a **Basilewsky of 1874** at Ostende, a man of about forty, «frère de la princesse Souvoroff»; the **old father** Basilewsky, a self-made man whose daughters married well; and **M. and Mme Basilewsky** whom Marie meets in 1879 through Anitchkoff. The daughters are the «demoiselles Basilewsky» who became Princess Souvoroff, Mme Doubelt, Mme Kondareff, Mme Smelsky and Mme Galve; Mme Basilewsky of 1883 is their mother (see MME_BASILEWSKY).

Basire

A young man of the Gavinis' circle in Nice in spring 1881: «Basire jeune et charmant» (091.0355). Mon Journal t.14 index: «Basire (fils) : 104–105», so he is the son of a Basire; no first name or occupation is given.

Basse

«Bassè» / «Bassé», a shop in Nice where the Bashkirtseffs bought cheese (Mon Journal t.5 index: «Bassé (fromager ?), 45», with the editors' own question mark). Not a person's biography: the diary gives only the shop and, by metonymy, its keeper.

Bastille

[Research needed]

Batignolles

- Type: places - neighborhoods

Batourine

A Russian gentleman who was Marie's mother's suitor in their youth. Friend of Georges and Stiopa, encountered at Wiesbaden during the family's German spa visit.

Batrachomyomachia (Battle of the Frogs and Mice)

The *Batrachomyomachia* ("Battle of the Frogs and Mice") is a short comic epic in Greek hexameters that parodies the *Iliad*. Its date and authorship are uncertain: it was known to Plutarch and was long attributed to Homer, traditionally placed in the 5th century BC, though linguistic studies point to the 3rd or 2nd century BC (Wikipedia EN, "Batrachomyomachia"). The word has come to mean a trivial altercation.

Bauvais

A Russian stud owner («propriétaire de haras», Mon Journal t.4 index: «Bauvais, propriétaire de haras, 152, 157») who offered Marie a horse in September 1874 through the deacon (the family's priest). He is named only with the horse deal; his first name and nationality are not given. In 024.0114 the name is written «Sauvais», probably a slip for Bauvais.

Bayole

- Type: people - mentioned

Bayonne

The city of the French Basque coast beside Biarritz. Marie passes through it twice in September 1881 while staying at Biarritz.

Béatrix (Honoré de Balzac)

*Béatrix* is a novel by [Honoré de Balzac](./BALZAC.md), first published in 1839 (it appeared in *Le Siècle* in August 1839 and in volume form the same year, under the sub-title *ou Les Amours forcés*) and later placed in the *Scènes de la vie privée* of *La Comédie humaine* (Wikipedia, "Béatrix"; Internet Archive record of the 1839 edition). In Brittany, the young Calyste du Guénic loves the older writer Félicité des Touches, who writes as **Camille Maupin** and is modelled on George Sand; she is unable to return his feelings and tries to help him win the blonde Marquise **Béatrix de Rochefide** (modelled on Marie d'Agoult), who is carried off by the musician Gennaro Conti (modelled on Liszt). The critic **Claude Vignon** (modelled on Gustave Planche) is a further rival (same Wikipedia article).

Beauharnais

- Type: people - mentioned

Beaulieu

Coastal town between Nice and Monaco, site of social excursions.

Beaumetz

A young painter of Marie's Paris circle, introduced in March 1880 as the friend of Horace de Caillas ([#Caillas](CAILLAS.md)) and still a regular acquaintance in 1882. Probably the painter and later politician Étienne Dujardin-Beaumetz (1852–1913), who signed some works «Stephen Beaumetz» and became a deputy and Under-Secretary of State for Fine Arts (1905–1912) (Luther College Fine Arts Collection, «Charles Henri Étienne Dujardin-Beaumetz»; *Art et Décoration*, 1919, as cited in the footnote at 092.0036). Confidence: probable (about 0.7) — the diary gives only «un peintre ami de Caillas» and his place in Tony Robert-Fleury's circle; the identification with Dujardin-Beaumetz rests on the footnote's secondary sources, not on any detail in the diary.

Beaupin

- Type: people - mentioned

Beauty & Appearance

This thematic tag collects diary paragraphs where Marie looks at her own face, figure and beauty, or at other people's: the mirror, the verdict "je suis jolie" or "je suis laide", a new hairstyle, her arms and shoulders, the fear of fading. Her looks are, for Marie, capital to be accounted for as carefully as her voice or her talent, and her moods follow her reflection.

Béclère ("le petit Béclère")

A young Parisian doctor Marie calls "le petit docteur de la rue de l'Echiquier" (105.0018) and, familiarly, "le petit Béclère" (105.0020, 105.0093) — "petit" here meaning young/junior, not physical stature. He examines Marie in early July 1884, disagrees with [Potain](../doctors/POTAIN.md)'s relatively reassuring reading of her condition, and personally brings her ("Il me mène"/"c'est le petit Beclère qui m'y mène") to consult the senior specialist [Grancher](GRANCHER.md).

Beethoven

- Type: people - mentioned

Belle-de-jour (George Bergerault)

«Belle-de-jour» (morning glory, the flower that closes at night) is Marie's nickname for George Bergerault, a young man of Nice and an associate of Emile d'Audiffret (Kernberger 2013, glossary: "Belle-de-jour: nickname for George Bergerault, associate of Audiffret"; "Bergerault, George: acquaintance in Nice"). On 16 January 1877 General Bihovetz gives him a second nickname, «l'inspecteur des chiens» (the dog-catcher), which Marie adopts (Kernberger 2013; 068.0753, 068.0863).

Belletti

- Type: people - mentioned

Belleville

[Research needed]

Belmare

A property or villa in Nice that the Bashkirtseff family visited and considered for residence in February 1873.

Belona

A mezzo-soprano of the Italian opera season at the Théâtre municipal of Nice in the winter of 1874-75. The Mon Journal tome 4 index lists her as "Belona, cantatrice". Her first name, career and dates have not been found (web search, 2026-10-21, found nothing under this spelling).

Benard

«Bénard», a restaurant in Paris (Mon Journal t.3 index: «Bénard, restaurant, 209»). Not a person; the diary names it only as the place of a hurried lunch.

Beni Yang Yang

An Arab troupe of acrobats that played at the theatre of Nice in October 1874. Marie writes «les Beni Yang-Yang, troupe arabe» (024.0358). The name is probably her form of the *Beni-Zoug-Zoug*, the Kabyle acrobatic company that toured Europe and America from the early 1860s (playbills of Leipzig 1863, New York 1867, Brighton 1868, found by web search; the V&A holds the Brighton bill, https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O1241440), but no source places a troupe of that name in Nice in 1874.

Beniamino Cesi

Beniamino Cesi (6 November 1845 – 19 January 1907), Neapolitan pianist, composer and teacher, a pupil of Thalberg, professor of piano at the San Pietro a Majella conservatory in Naples from about 1865 and regarded as the founder of the Neapolitan piano school; he taught at the Saint Petersburg Conservatory in 1885–1891 (en.wikipedia «Beniamino Cesi»). The Mon Journal t.10 index spells him «Ceci (pianiste), 12, 123».

Bensa

Bensa was one of Marie Bashkirtseff's teachers in Nice during 1873. Based on diary entries, he appears to have been responsible for arranging other professors for Marie's extensive educational program and also taught her directly.

Beraud

[Research needed]

Bergamasco

Charles (Karl) Bergamasco (1830–1896), photographer of St Petersburg, born in Italy, who came to Russia as a boy in the 1840s, first worked as an actor at the French Theatre in St Petersburg, learned the daguerreotype in Paris and opened his own studio; he photographed members of the imperial family and went to England in 1877, where he photographed Queen Victoria and her family. (Sources: Bridgeman Education, «Bergamasco, Charles (Karl) (1830–1896)», https://bridgemaneducation.com/en/creator/68888/summary; National Portrait Gallery, London, «Charles Bergamasco», https://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/person/mp82702/charles-bergamasco; Mon Journal t.8 index: «Bergamasco (M.) photographe : 360».)

Berlikoff Family

A Russian family in the Nice social circle of spring 1873, departing for Russia on June 15, 1873 together with their physician Dr. Tchernikoff. Solominka Markevitch travels with them because the Bashkirtseffs know and trust Dr. Tchernikoff to care for her during the journey if needed.

Berlin

Berlin was the capital of the German Empire (1871-1918) and the Kingdom of Prussia. In Marie's time, it was one of Europe's major political and cultural capitals.

Bernardaki

- Type: people - mentioned

Berne

- Type: people - mentioned

Bernis

- Type: people - mentioned

Berron

- Type: people - mentioned

Berryer

Bertellet

A horse dealer of the avenue Montaigne in Paris (Mon Journal t.4 index: «Bertellet (M.), marchand de chevaux, 158»). Marie names him with a colleague, Honoré, and is not sure of the names; no first name is given.

Berthe Boyd

- Type: people - mentioned

Berthe Boyd (Mme Lancaster-Johnstone)

Berthe Boyd was an English girl from an aristocratic Anglo-Irish family whom Marie first met in Baden-Baden around 1870. She became one of Marie's longest-running companions, appearing across the full span of the diary from 1870 to 1882 -- a relationship lasting over twelve years. Per Kernberger (2013), Berthe eloped with Robert Lancaster-Johnstone in 1878.

Berthe Lancaster

Bescherelle, official of the Chamber of Deputies

An official of the Chamber of Deputies (Mon Journal t.12 index: «Bescherelle (M.), fonctionnaire : 150, 159»; t.13 «Bescherelle (M.) : 37, 41, 184»; t.14 «Bescherelles (M.) : 114») who controls the public galleries and their tickets, at Versailles and, from November 1879, at the Palais-Bourbon:

Besson

M. Besson, a gardener of Nice (Mon Journal t.4 index: «Besson (M.), jardinier, 198»), whom Marie hopes in November 1874 will lay out the family's garden.

Bettina

- Type: people - mentioned

Bey

- Type: people - mentioned

Beyens

[Research needed]

Biarritz

Biarritz is a fashionable seaside resort town on the Atlantic coast of southwestern France, in the Basque Country near the Spanish border.

Biasini

Peasant who visits the Bashkirtseff household and causes scandal by being given a cigarette in their salon.

Bible

The Bible. Marie reads it seriously for the first time in 1883, together with Renan's writings, while she argues with herself about faith (103.0388, 103.0391, 103.0399: «figurez-vous que je ne l'avais jamais lue»).

Bichinsky

[Research needed]

Bidiger

M. Bidiger (Mon Journal t.3 index: «Bidiger (M.), 199»), who left Paris with Mme Angel in May 1874. On 23 May 1874 Marie writes: «J'étais avec maman chez Mme Angel, elle part demain et nous prenons un appartement dans cet hôtel, elle part avec Bidiger, et nous prenons l'appartement de cette vieille» (019.0323). Whether he is her husband, a relative or a companion is not stated; Mme Angel's husband M. Angel arrives separately in Nice in November 1874 (see ANGEL, MME_ANGEL).

Bienmüller

Photographer in Nice whose studio Marie visits in 1875 and 1876. Only the surname is given.

Biensmuller

- Type: people - mentioned

Bijou

Mostly a dog of the Galitzine household (Bête's): Mon Journal t.2 index «Bijou, chien, 61, 122», t.3 index «Bijou, chien, 78, 142». Marie puts Bête's daughter Nadia to bed «au salon jaune avec Bijou» (009.0183, t.2 p. 61); a suitor «donna un gâteau à Bijou» (011.0050, p. 122); Lambertye arrives «frisé comme Bijou» (016.0338, t.3 p. 78), so a curly-coated dog; Marie calls «Bijou, Bijou, puis Bête» to test an echo (018.0080, p. 142); «Nous étions cinq dans la loge: moi, Dina, Nadia, Bête et Bijou, en famille en un mot» (019.0160) counts the dog as one of the party, Nadia being named separately.

Bikowski

- Type: people - mentioned

Bikowsky

Bikowsky was an acquaintance of the Bashkirtseff family, a small man whom Marie had not seen for some time before their chance encounter in Paris in August 1873.

Bilbaut Vauchelet

- Type: people - mentioned

Bill George

Mr Bill (Georges) George, a dog dealer; the Mon Journal t.4 index lists him as «Bill (M. Georges), marchand de chiens, 140». Marie visits his kennels with Arthur Foster in the autumn of 1874. The diary gives no address; nothing further was found (a web search for the London dealer of that name gave no usable source).

Binder

- Type: people - mentioned

Bismarck

- Type: people - mentioned

Black Prince

A riding horse used by Marie for her morning rides with Paul in Nice.

Blackprince

Blanc (Family)

French family in Paris society. "Le petit Blanc" (young Blanc) is rumored in 1880 to be having an affair with Berthe, Marie's married friend.

Blanche (Bianca de Larderel, comtesse de Mirafiore)

Bianca (Blanche) de Larderel, sister of Count Alexandre de Larderel, married in 1873 to Emanuele Guerrieri, conte di Mirafiori e Fontanafredda, the son of King Victor Emmanuel II and Rosa Vercellana; she died in 1942 (thepeerage.com p4516). Their son Vittorio Emanuele was born in 1873 (same source). See [Mirafiore](MIRAFIORE.md), [Larderel](LARDEREL.md).

Blanche Boyd

English society girl who marries Lord Henry Paget.

Blancho

M. Blancho - encountered in Nice society. Seen near Bashkirtseff home watching Marie with a lady in a fiacre (May 5, 1874).

Blois

- Type: people - mentioned

Blumel

Name used by Anna at charity auction.

Boabdil

Muhammad XII (c. 1459 – c. 1533), the last Nasrid sultan of Granada, called Boabdil by the Spaniards («el rey chico»), who surrendered the city to Ferdinand and Isabella on 2 January 1492; legend has him weep as he left it (reader footnote 093.0314.3; Mon Journal t.14 index: «Boabdil (dernier roi arabe de Grenade) : 243»). Not a person of Marie's world.

Body

Albin Body is the young man «du pays» of the Spa season of 1874 who dances and walks with Marie's party. The Mon Journal indexes disagree on his nationality: t.3 «Body (Albin), Belge» (with «Body (frère du précédent)»), t.4 and t.6 «Body (Albin), Anglais». The best candidate is Albin Body (Spa, 17 October 1836 – Spa, 18 December 1916), historian and archivist of the town of Spa, author of the *Bibliographie spadoise* (1875) and *Le Théâtre et la musique à Spa* (1885) (French Wikipedia, «Albin Body», https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albin_Body). Marie's «M. Body (du pays)» (020.0420) and the dry, bespectacled wit of 020.0474 fit a scholar of the town; confidence 0.75, since Marie never names his occupation.

Bogdanoff

Mme Bogdanoff and her daughter, Russians of the Paris colony in 1883–1884 who dine with and visit the Bashkirtseffs. Mon Journal t.15 index: «Bogdanoff (Mme) : 303»; t.16 «Bogdanoff (Mme) : 31–32, 64, 126, 235» and «Bogdanoff (Mlle) : 126, 235». The diary gives no first name or social position; Marie counts them among the Russian «gens du monde» she does not care for (103.0070).

Bogoluboff

Alexey Petrovich Bogolyubov (16 March 1824 – 1896), Russian landscape and seascape painter, long resident in Paris (Wikipedia, «Alexey Bogolyubov», https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexey_Bogolyubov, which gives two different death dates in infobox and text; the diary's Mon Journal t.16 index has «Bogoluboff (M.), peintre : 43, 200»). He is the leading figure of the Russian art colony in Paris in 1883–1884.

Bogreyeff

[Research needed]

Bohemiennes de Moscou

- Type: people - mentioned

Bois de Boulogne

The Bois de Boulogne is a large public park on the western edge of Paris (16th arrondissement), covering 845 hectares. During Marie Bashkirtseff's time, it was the preeminent venue for fashionable Parisian society to see and be seen. Marie's daily carriage rides through the Bois were a central ritual of her social life in Paris, and the park appears throughout her diary as a backdrop for social observation, romantic longing, and displays of elegance.

Boissier

- Type: people - mentioned

Bon Marche

Bonnat

[Research needed]

Book 04

Bordeaux

- Type: places - cities

Borghese

- Type: people - mentioned

Bosslovleff

Russian family with daughters ("demoiselles Bosslovleff") who attend social events in Nice.

Bossuet

- Type: people - mentioned

Botkin

Sergei Botkin, physician to the Empress of Russia (see Identity below).

Botkine (Mikhail Botkin, painter)

Mikhail Petrovich Botkin (1839-1914), Russian painter, engraver and collector (Wikipedia, «Mikhail Botkin»), brother of the physician Sergei Botkin ([Botkin](../mentioned/BOTKIN.md)). Marie calls him «Michel Botkine» (030.0423, 31 March 1875) and, in Rome, «Botkine, le frère du médecin de l'impératrice … un laid qui s'occupe de peinture» (051.0354, 4 January 1876). Mon Journal indexes: «Botkine (M.), frère du médecin» (t.6), «Botkine (M.), peintre» (t.7, t.8). The t.4 index conflates the brothers («Botkine, (Michel) médecin»).

Bottóne

An acquaintance of the family in Nice, 1875, not identified. He is not in the Mon Journal tome 4 index. "Bottóne" (Italian bottone = button) may be a nickname.

Bouba

«Bouba» is a Paris horse dealer and commission agent: the Mon Journal t.4 index says «Bouba (M.), marchand de chevaux, 162, 170–171, 179» and Marie describes him as «un commissionnaire qui a son comptoir ici, un homme utile et commode» (024.0163). Whether Bouba is a real surname or a nickname is not stated.

Bouchon

Shoe merchant in Nice, described disparagingly by Marie.

Bouffes Theater

Bougival

- Type: people - mentioned

Bouguereau

William-Adolphe Bouguereau (1825-1905) was one of the most celebrated French academic painters of the 19th century. He was a professor at the Académie Julian and served as a juror for student competitions and Salon submissions.

Bouhy (singer)

A singer in the circle of the art dealer Gambart at Spa in July 1874; the Tome 4 name index of *Mon Journal* lists him as «Bouhy, chanteur» (pp. 36, 50). Probably (0.8) the Belgian baritone **Jacques Bouhy** (1848–1929), born at Pepinster near Spa, who had made his Paris Opéra debut as Méphistophélès in 1871 and created Escamillo in *Carmen* at the Opéra-Comique on 3 March 1875 (Wikipedia, «Jacques Bouhy»; Morgan Library catalogue, «Couplets du Toréador», credited to Bouhy, Jacques, 1848–1929). The identification rests on the name, the profession and the place; the diary gives no first name.

Bouillet

- Type: people - mentioned

Boulanger

Bouldakoff

- Type: people - mentioned

Bouldokoff

Boulevard des Capucines

- Type: people - mentioned

Boulevard Haussmann

[Research needed]

Boulevard Malesherbes

A fashionable boulevard in Paris's 8th and 17th arrondissements, connecting Place de la Madeleine to Parc Monceau. In the late 19th century, it was an elegant residential area with townhouses (hôtels particuliers) housing wealthy Parisians.

Bourbaki

Charles-Denis Bourbaki (22 April 1816 – 27 September 1897), French general, commander of the Army of the East in the winter of 1870–71 (Wikipedia, «Charles-Denis Bourbaki», https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles-Denis_Bourbaki; Mon Journal t.16 index: «Bourbaki (général) ; 29»).

Bourbon

Bourbon de Naples

- Type: people - mentioned

Bourbons de Naples

- Type: people - mentioned

Boutowsky Family

Russian family who have become the new social favorites in Nice, displacing others in the Howard circle.

Bouville

Bouvin

Bouvin was a contemporary artist known to Rodolphe Julian and Marie in 1880. When Julian critiqued Marie's painting from Mont-Dore in October 1880, he described it as "a mixture of Bastien-Lepage and Bouvin."

Boyd

The Boyd family was an English aristocratic family that Marie Bashkirtseff encountered in Baden-Baden around 1870. The family represented the kind of fashionable, well-connected international elite that Marie desperately wanted to join as a child.

Boyd Family

Boyton

- Type: people - mentioned

Brady

A person who recognizes Marie along with Dady. Part of Nice society.

Branicki

- Type: people - mentioned

Bravura

- Type: people - mentioned

Bravura Family

A family in Nice's social circle in the 1870s. Marie mentions "les petits Bravura" (the little Bravuras) attending the Aivazovsky exhibition on March 1, 1874, suggesting they were children or young people.

Brazza

[Research needed]

Break

A break (also spelled brake) is a large, open, four-wheeled horse-drawn carriage, originally designed for breaking in (training) young horses and later adopted as a sporting and excursion vehicle. The English word was used directly in French, reflecting the anglophilia of 19th-century French upper-class culture.

Bresil

- Type: places - countries

Bretagne (Brittany)

Brittany (Bretagne), the westernmost region of France, appears in Marie Bashkirtseff's diary in connection with French geography and travel. In the 1870s-1880s, Brittany was one of France's most distinctive regions, with its Celtic heritage, rugged coastline, and traditional culture. It was also becoming an increasingly popular destination for artists, who were drawn by its dramatic landscapes and picturesque villages.

Brisson

Eugène Henri Brisson (1835–1912), French radical politician, President of the Chamber of Deputies 1881–1885 and later twice Prime Minister (1885–86, 1898) (Wikipedia, «Henri Brisson»; reader footnotes 093.0352.2, 097.0352.4; Mon Journal t.14 index «Brisson (M.) : 249», t.15 «Brisson (M.) : 145, 149–150, 174»).

Brocheton (family)

M. and Mme Brocheton, Paris bankers of the Spanish-speaking set whom Marie meets in spring 1880: «Monsieur et Madame Brocheton (des banquiers fort riches et très répandus; ils nous ont fait une visite l'autre jour)» (087.0865). Mme Brocheton «est belle et gentille» (087.0868). Mon Journal t.13 index: «Brocheton (M.) : 219–221, 225, 263», «Brocheton (Mme)» the same pages. Nothing is known of them beyond the diary.

Broglie

[Research needed]

Broussais

- Type: people - mentioned

Bruges (Bruges)

Bruges, the medieval Flemish city in Belgium, was a popular destination for culturally-minded travelers in the 19th century. Famous for its remarkably preserved medieval architecture, canals, and art collections (including works by Jan van Eyck, Hans Memling, and other Flemish Primitives), Bruges offered Marie Bashkirtseff an encounter with a distinctly Northern European artistic tradition.

Brunet

M. Brunet, Marie's private tutor in Nice: «professeur de littérature» in the printed index of Mon Journal t.3 (p. 16 etc.) and «professeur» in the t.8 and t.10 indexes. He gives her lessons in literature, grammar, rhetoric, history and mythology from September 1873, French lessons alongside, and from February 1875 Latin (Caesar, Sallust). He is not a household servant.

Bruschetti

- Type: people - mentioned

Brussels (Bruxelles)

Brussels, the capital of Belgium, appears in Marie Bashkirtseff's diary as a destination on her European travels and as part of the cultural geography of her world. In the 1870s-1880s, Brussels was a thriving European capital with a vibrant artistic and cultural life, closely connected to Paris through language, culture, and the railway.

Buen Retiro

The Retiro, the great public park of Madrid. Marie, who spells it «Bueno Retiro» or «Retiro», visits it repeatedly in October 1881 and prefers it to the Bois de Boulogne: after the bullfight «le public élégant s'en va faire un tour au Bueno Retiro qui est une des plus belles promenades du monde, que je préfère au Bois, sans parler de Londres et de Vienne, et qui est plus belle que les villas de Rome» (093.0154, 2 October).

Bueno

- Type: people - mentioned

Bulwer

Edward Bulwer-Lytton (1803–1873), 1st Baron Lytton, English novelist and politician (Wikipedia, "Edward Bulwer-Lytton"); the edition's index has «Bulwer (Edward), Lord Lytton, écrivain» (Mon Journal t.8, index, pp.243, 343).

Buonocore

- Type: people - mentioned

Burgos

The Castilian city where Marie and her mother and aunt arrive on the evening of Thursday 29 September 1881 on the way from Biarritz to Madrid. She mostly writes about the company: «Si vous croyez que le voyage avec mes mères est un plaisir, vous vous trompez joliment» (093.0159); of the guide, «le guide disant qu'il fait froid à Burgos c'est une vraie désolation, et on aurait dû emporter les pelisses». Of the journey itself, the Pyrenees strike her «par leur beauté majestueuse» (093.0158).

Bussi

Jeweler in Nice who sells diamond jewelry and ornaments.

Bussy d Amboise

[Research needed]

Bute

A name that fascinates Marie, similar to how Hamilton's name affected her.

Byron

George Gordon Noel Byron, 6th Baron Byron (1788–1824), English Romantic poet (Wikipedia, «Lord Byron»; Mon Journal t.4 index «Byron (George, Gordon, Noël, baron), poète : 173»; t.7 «Byron : 26»; t.9 «Byron (lord) : 111»).