V

Vallon

[Research needed]

Valrose

Prestigious venue in Nice where concerts and social events were held in the 1870s. Marie attended a charity concert there on March 1, 1874, for the benefit of the Samaritaines.

Valsenter

A tall woman in Nice society whom Marie calls an "obélisque" (obelisk).

Var

- Type: places - regions

Var Races (Courses du Var)

Horse races held near Nice in February 1873, one of the major social events of the winter season on the French Riviera. Marie describes the races on February 5, 1873 as "Le plus grand jour de la saison pour moi."

A man of the family's Nice circle in 1875-76; not identified. The Mon Journal t.7 index has only «Varpahowky (M.) : 319, 326, 329» (spelled without the s).

Varsovie (Warsaw / Warszawa)

Varsovie (Polish: Warszawa, Warsaw) is the capital of Poland. In 1881, it was under Russian control as part of Congress Poland. Marie passes through on her journey from Russia to Western Europe.

Vasconcellos

- Type: people - mentioned

Vasconsellos

- Type: people - mentioned

Vasseur

- Type: people - mentioned

Vassil

Vassil is a cook who serves the Bashkirtseff family at Gavronzi. He accompanies the family on their journey to Kremontchougy to prepare meals during the excursion.

Vassilissa

Vassilissa Babanine

Vassilissa Babanine was Marie's great-aunt, the sister of Grand-papa (Marie's maternal grandfather). She was described as having been "belle, riche, jeune, elegante, charmante et spirituelle" (beautiful, rich, young, elegant, charming and witty) in her youth but died abandoned and impoverished in a small room at her brother's estate.

Vassilissa Egorovna

Vassya Lyahewitch

A friend of Marie's father in the Poltava province, called «un bon type d'ici»; the Mon Journal t.14 index has «Lyahewitch (Vassya), ami de Constantin Bashkirtseff : 148». His surname is as the edition prints it; no other details are known.

Vatican (Le Vatican)

The Vatican, the seat of the Catholic Church and residence of the Pope, was a site of both spiritual and artistic significance during Marie Bashkirtseff's Italian travels. In the 1870s, the Vatican was in the midst of a political crisis: the loss of the Papal States to unified Italy (1870) had left Pope Pius IX a self-declared "prisoner of the Vatican," creating a standoff between the papacy and the Italian state that would not be resolved until 1929.

Vatka

Vyatka (now Kirov), in the Ural foothills, a common place of administrative exile in nineteenth-century Russia (source footnote at 091.0505; Wikipedia, «Kirov, Kirov Oblast»). Marie writes «Vatka». It is where her uncle Georges was deported.

Vauban

- Type: people - mentioned

Vaucluse

- Type: people - mentioned

Vaudeville

The Théâtre du Vaudeville, boulevard des Capucines, Paris. Marie sees *Montjoye* there with the Gavini (083.0306), a society play in April 1879 (084.0716) and Daudet's *Le Nabab* in February 1880 (087.0411); 078.0435.

Vaudeville Theater

Vayce

The «baronne de Vayce» of a single page of February 1882. The Mon Journal t.14 index has «Vayce (baronne de) : 288» on the same page as «Wykerslooth (baron de)» and «Wykerslooth (Mme Jeanne, baronne de)». The spelling is probably Marie's or the edition's version of a name we cannot match.

Veauce

[Research needed]

Veglione

Italian: a large Carnival masked ball, usually held at night in a theatre. Marie hears of a «grand Veglione à l'Apollo» in Rome (8 February 1877) and goes, masked, to the charity veglione at the [San Carlo](../../places/theaters/SAN_CARLO.md) in Naples on the night of 10 February 1877, where she flirts with Larderel (carnet 068). «Nos cavaliers du Veglione» recur through carnets 069–071.

Velasquez

- Type: people - mentioned

Vendredi Saint

- Type: people - mentioned

Venice (Venezia)

Venice, the floating city of canals and palaces, was among the Italian cities Marie Bashkirtseff visited during her European travels. Built on 118 small islands in the Adriatic Sea, Venice was in the 1870s both a living museum of artistic achievement and a city in gentle decline, having lost its political independence to the Kingdom of Italy in 1866. For Marie and her contemporaries, Venice represented the romance of the past and the supreme achievement of Venetian painting (Titian, Tintoretto, Veronese).

Venise

Venus

- Type: people - mentioned

Vénus de Milo

The *Vénus de Milo* is the Greek marble statue of Aphrodite found on the island of Milos (Melos) in 1820 and acquired for the Louvre, where it has stood since 1821 (inv. Ma 399). It dates from the Hellenistic period, usually put in the second century BC (catalogues range from c. 150 to c. 100 BC), and is made of Parian marble in two main blocks; both arms are lost. By Marie's time it was, with the *Apollo Belvedere*, the best-known statue in the world. (Sources: Wikipedia, « Venus de Milo »; Wikimedia Commons description of the Louvre photograph.)

Verdi

- Type: people - mentioned

Verefkine

- Type: people - mentioned

Vernette

[Research needed]

Versailles

[Research needed]

Vesuve

Mount Vesuvius (French *le Vésuve*), the volcano above the Bay of Naples. It is scenery for Marie in her Naples stays of April 1876 and February 1877, a figure of speech, and an element of the dream picture she plans in June 1877. She never describes an ascent.

Viatka (Vyatka)

Viatka (also spelled Vyatka, now called Kirov) was a provincial city in northeastern European Russia, 896 kilometers northeast of Moscow. In the 19th century, it served as a place of administrative exile for political and troublesome subjects.

Vichnevka (Vishnevka)

Vichnevka (Vishnevka, from "vishnya" meaning cherry) was likely one of the Bashkirtseff family properties or a neighboring estate in the Poltava region of Ukraine. The name, derived from the Russian/Ukrainian word for cherry, was typical of estate names in the agricultural regions of the Russian Empire, where properties were often named after natural features or local flora.

Vichy

The Bourbonnais spa town. It appears three times, always as a cure someone else takes or is proposed.

Vico

- Type: people - mentioned

Vicomte Paul d'Abzac

A Paris acquaintance of 1880-81. On 16 December 1880 Marie meets «des connaissances, Vernette, vicomte d'Abzac, de Maufras» (090.0398); on 1 January 1881 «Paul d'Abzac» is one of the two witnesses, with the comte de Brimont, in the affair around the vicomtesse de Brimont (090.0512). The Mon Journal t.14 index lists him as «Abzzac d' (vicomte Paul) : 42, 54».

Vicomte Pernety

- Type: people - aristocracy

Vicomte Pristitieff

- Type: people - aristocracy

Vicomte Vigier

Husband of the soprano Sophie Cruvelli (1826–1907), who left the stage when she married him in 1855; sources call him viscount (an equerry to Napoleon III) or baron (Wikipedia, "Sophie Cruvelli"). Marie says so herself: «Vigier était là qui écoutait. Ça doit l'intéresser, à cause de sa femme, la célèbre Sophie Cruvelli» (063.0321), and the edition's index has «Vigier (vicomte)» and «Vigier (vicomtesse Sophie), née Cruvelli» (Mon Journal t.8, index). His wife has her own entry: [#Vicomtesse_Vigier](../aristocracy/VICOMTESSE_VIGIER.md).

Vicomtesse Pernetti

Valentine, vicomtesse Pernety, née Haussmann (the form «Pernetti» is a later spelling in Marie's text and in the t.16 index): the younger daughter of Baron Haussmann, the prefect of the Seine who rebuilt Paris. She married Vicomte Maurice Pernety on 14 March 1865 (Seward Project, person page 80379) and divorced him in 1891, when she married Georges Renouard (en.wikipedia, «Georges-Eugène Haussmann»; the Seward Project gives 1883 for the divorce, so sources differ).

Vicomtesse Pernety

Vicomtesse Vigier

An aristocratic woman in Nice society whom Boreel was visiting. The title "vicomtesse" indicates nobility, placing her in the upper echelons of Nice society that Marie and her family moved in. Marie also mentions a "Vigier" (possibly the Vicomte, her husband) whom she encounters and exchanges greetings with.

Victor (French manservant, 1876)

A French manservant in the household at Gavronzi in the autumn of 1876. Marie: «Le domestique français Victor est tombé malade, on dit qu'il est rouge et enflé» (066.0524, 066/1876-09-28). The Mon Journal t.9 index lists «Victor (domestique français)» separately from «Victor, chien». His surname is not given.

Victor (Marie's dog)

Marie's big dog, a mastiff bought in London and brought to Nice on 28 October 1874: «C'est mon mastiff de Londres. Un chien grand comme un veau et magnifique» (025.0013). She gives him many names: «Porthos, Carlo, ou Victor comme on veut» (025.0214), later «Sir Frédéric» (031.0287), «Victor-Désiré» (037.0325), «Frédéric» (043.0247, 046.0324). Mon Journal indexes: t.4 «Victor, [Carlo] [Doria] [Porthos] chien», t.5 «Victor, [Carlo] [Doria] [Porthos] [Sir Frédéric] [Désiré] chien», t.6 «Victor, [Frédéric] chien», t.8-t.12 «Victor, chien». He dies in Paris at the end of August 1878: «Victor est mort. Je m'achèterai un terre-neuve noir» (082.0249).

Victor Dury

- Type: people - mentioned

Victor Emmanuel II

[Research needed]

Victor Hugo

Victor-Marie Hugo (26 February 1802 -- 22 May 1885) was a French poet, novelist, and dramatist, widely considered one of the greatest writers in the French language. Author of *Les Miserables* (1862) and *Notre-Dame de Paris* (1831), he was the dominant literary figure of 19th century France.

Victor Massé

Victor Massé (1822-1884), French composer known for his operas and operettas. He composed the opera "Paul et Virginie" (1876) based on Bernardin de Saint-Pierre's famous novel.

Victor-Emmanuel

- Type: people - mentioned

Victorine

- Type: people - mentioned

Vie Parisienne

Vienelli

- Type: people - mentioned

Vienna (Vienne / Wien)

Vienna, the capital of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, was one of Europe's great imperial cities and a center of culture, music, and aristocratic life. In Marie Bashkirtseff's diary, Vienna appears as a destination for aristocratic acquaintances (notably Prince Esterhazy attending the races) and as part of the broader network of European high society that Marie aspired to join. Vienna represented a particular kind of aristocratic glamour that was distinct from both Parisian chic and Russian grandeur.

Vienna World Exhibition of 1873

The Vienna World Exhibition (Weltausstellung 1873 Wien) was held from May 1 to November 2, 1873, in the Austro-Hungarian capital. It was the fifth world exposition and the first to be held in a German-speaking country. The exhibition was designed to showcase industrial, cultural, and scientific achievements from around the world and coincided with Emperor Franz Joseph I's 25th anniversary as ruler.

Vies parallèles (Plutarch, Parallel Lives)

Plutarch of Chaeronea's *Parallel Lives* (*Bíoi Parállēloi*) are 48 biographies of famous men, written in Greek around the beginning of the second century AD and arranged in pairs, one Greek and one Roman, to compare their virtues and failings; 23 pairs survive (Alexander and Caesar, Demosthenes and Cicero, and so on). (Wikipedia, "Parallel Lives".) In French the work was known above all in Jacques Amyot's sixteenth-century translation (*Les Vies des hommes illustres*) and in the eighteenth- and nineteenth-century versions of Ricard and others. It was the standard model of how a great man should be remembered, and a staple of an educated girl's reading.

Viik

Villa

- Type: places - villas

Villa 55

A villa property owned by the Bashkirtseff family in Nice, serving as a private retreat and social gathering place.

Villa 77

A villa in Nice known only by its number. On 3 October 1874 Marie writes: «Je fais une promenade avec les chiens et sans chapeau, jusqu'à la villa 77 le matin» (024.0200). The context is a day of family quarrels and money worries; nothing is said of who lives there.

Villa Audiffret

The Villa Audiffret was a villa in Nice that the Bashkirtseff family considered renting in June 1873. It is described as "assez jolie" (quite nice) and "commode, comme il faut" (comfortable, proper), though not very elegant. It had space for a croquet lawn. The price was acceptable and the family was nearly decided to take it.

Villa Baquis (Villa Buffa)

Villa Baquis, which Marie contemptuously calls "Buffa," was the Bashkirtseff family's residence in Nice during 1873. Located in what Marie considered an inferior neighborhood, the villa represented a significant step down from their previous accommodations and became a symbol of the family's declining social position.

Villa Bashkirtseff

Villa Bashkirtseff was the family property in Nice that bore their name. The Bashkirtseff family occupied several properties in Nice during their years on the Riviera, beginning around 1871. The family first rented Villa Acquaviva at 51 Promenade des Anglais, then acquired the property at 55 bis, known as Villa Romanoff. The designation "Villa Bashkirtseff" may refer to the family renaming one of their acquired properties or to a later residence.

Villa Borghese

- Type: places - villas

Villa Carlone

A substantial property in Nice that the Bashkirtseff family purchased in February 1874 for 218,000 francs. Located on rue de la Préfecture, it became their new residence.

Villa Durando

The Villa Durando was a grand villa in the Nice area that the Bashkirtseff family considered renting or purchasing in May 1873. Marie describes it as "vraiment magnifique mais un peu trop loin" (truly magnificent but a bit too far). It was considered for purchase but rejected as a rental because of its distance from the Promenade and from the area where the Duke of Hamilton was habitually seen.

Villa Fortunee

- Type: places - villas

Villa Gambart

Villa Gioia

Villa Gioia is the house of Gioia, the Duke of Hamilton's mistress, on the Promenade des Anglais in Nice. It is not one of the Bashkirtseff residences: Marie only walks, drives or rides past it, studies its terrace and windows, and dreams of its unseen interior.

Villa Leon

A villa in Nice that Marie walks to look at. On 2 October 1874, rising «bien portante et fraîche», she goes without a hat to the Promenade «où il n'y a pas une âme; je vais regarder les villas Léon et Gioia, les fenêtres de cette dernière sont ouvertes, Paul est avec moi» (024.0187). The RSR note on that paragraph places both villas on the Promenade des Anglais; the diary itself does not say. See [Villa Gioia](VILLA_GIOIA.md). Not to be confused with the demi-mondaine Rosalie Léon.

Villa Meynadier

- Type: places - villas

Villa Peillon

A villa with a garden in Nice where Marie goes to pick out plants. On 7 April 1875: «Nous étions à la villa Peillon choisir des plantes. Comme il y a un an à peu près j'avais un caprice pour les chiens, caprice qui continue, maintenant j'en ai un pour les plantes et qui va devenir furieux» (031.0114). The villa is probably a nursery or a house that sold plants; the diary does not say.

Villa Reale

- Type: places - villas

Villa Savelieff

The Villa Savelieff was the Nice residence of M. and Mme Savelieff, a Russian family in the Bashkirtseff social circle. Mme Savelieff died there in May 1873 after a prolonged illness. After her death, the Patton family temporarily moved into the villa (June 1873) while their own house was being renovated, despite the painful memories the place held for them.

Villa Souvoroff (Villa Suvorov)

Villa Souvoroff was a property in Nice, likely named after the famous Russian military commander Alexander Suvorov (1730-1800). The use of the name "Souvoroff" (the French transliteration of Suvorov) for a Nice villa reflects the strong Russian presence in the city. It may have been one of the properties occupied by the Bashkirtseff family or by members of their Russian social circle in Nice.

Ville dAvray

[Research needed]

Villefranche

- Type: places - cities

Vinay

- Type: people - mentioned

Vincenzo Bellini

Vincenzo Bellini (1801-1835) was an Italian opera composer of the bel canto era. His opera "La Sonnambula" (The Sleepwalker) was performed at the Cercle de la Méditerranée on February 7, 1873.

Vingt ans après (Dumas)

*Vingt ans après* (1845) is Alexandre Dumas père's sequel to [Les Trois Mousquetaires](./LES_TROIS_MOUSQUETAIRES_DUMAS.md), written with Auguste Maquet. It follows d'Artagnan and the three musketeers during the Fronde, in the childhood of Louis XIV, and in England at the end of the Civil War, up to the execution of Charles I. It was serialized from January to August 1845 and precedes [Le Vicomte de Bragelonne](./BRAGELONNE.md). (Wikipedia, "Twenty Years After".) For the author see [Alexandre Dumas](./ALEXANDRE_DUMAS.md).

Vinogradoff

A merchant and leaseholder of the Poltava country, enriched in the service of the late Thadée Romanoff, ma tante's husband: "Vinogradoff un assez gros marchand enrichi au service de M. Romanoff" (067.0005, 067/1876-10-13); "un des plus importants fermiers" (066.0783, 066/1876-10-11). The Mon Journal t.9 index has "Vinogradoff (M.), fermier". First name not known.

Vintimille

French-Italian border town (Ventimiglia in Italian) where the Bashkirtseff family's Genoa trip ended in chaos.

Violet

Violette

Not a separate person: «Violette» is the name Marie signed in her letters to Alexandre de Larderel in Naples in March–April 1877, and the name she uses for herself in them, in the third person. Larderel signed his side «Violet» («Il signe Violet et moi Violette», 072.0538); «Violet» is Larderel and is tagged to LARDEREL, not here. The name plays on the violets she sent and wore that season (the bouquet of violets sent to Larderel with an anonymous card, 068.1307, 11 February 1877; «Je mets quelques violettes dans la lettre», 16 March 1877).

Violettes

[Research needed]

Virgil

Virgile

- Type: people - mentioned

Virgin Mary

The Virgin is Marie's name-saint and the figure she prays to most freely after God. Tagged where the Virgin is present as a person — prayers and invocations, Marie's devotion and doubts, images she venerates — not on church names (Notre-Dame…), Madonnas discussed as works of art, «vierge» in other senses, or bare cries «Sainte Vierge !» (KRR 2026-10-23). See also [#God](GOD.md), [#Jesus](JESUS.md) and the theme [#Religion](../../culture/themes/RELIGION.md).

Virot

Maison Virot was one of the most prestigious millinery houses in late 19th-century Paris, renowned for creating elaborate and fashionable hats. The house was run by Mme Virot, who was considered one of the leading modistes (milliners) of the era, alongside Reboux and others. Located in the fashionable commercial district near the Rue de la Paix, Virot dressed the heads of the Parisian elite and aristocracy.

Virouboff

A Russian who spoke in French at the farewell to Turgenev's body at the station in Paris on 1 October 1883: «un Russe qui a parlé français très bien et a ému plus que les autres» (101.0470). The Mon Journal t.16 index reads «Virouboff (M.) : 43». His first name is not given.

Visconti (librairie, Nice)

Visconti's bookshop and reading room (librairie, «salon de lecture») in Nice, on the carnival route; it also sells carnival tickets and has a terrace overlooking the parade. Mon Journal indexes: «Visconti, salon de lecture» (t.1 p. 39, 43; t.2 pp. 74, 104, 240; t.4 p. 173; t.6 p. 141), «Visconti, librairie» (t.3 pp. 75-76, 78), «Visconti, libraire» (t.8 p. 232). Not to be confused with the old Roman [#Visconti](../../people/mentioned/VISCONTI.md) (baron Visconti), nor with the novel *Marco Visconti* (Tommaso Grossi) mentioned in 014/1873-12-15.

Viviani

Social acquaintance who invites the Bashkirtseff family to Beaulieu.

Voisin

- Type: people - mentioned

Voiture

"Voiture" is the general French word for carriage (and later, car). In Marie's diary, it most often refers to the family's private horse-drawn carriage, without specifying the exact type. When Marie writes "en voiture" (in the carriage), she typically means her family's own equipage, driven by their coachman, with the social display that implies.

Volga

Russia's great river, a symbol of home for the exiled Russian colony in Nice.

Volkoff

«Volkoff» is a nickname, not a known surname: on 6 May 1874 in Nice Marie writes of the departing «vieux Barrême» and «un autre jeune homme que nous nommons *Volkoff*» (019.0128), one of the gentlemen who see the ladies off, in the company of M. Tichkevitch (who had said she would please men, «elle a un minois incroyable»). The italics mark the name as the party's own label for a young man whose real name Marie does not give. The Mon Journal t.3 index lists «Volkoff (M.), 182» with no further description.

Volotchisk

The Russian frontier station on the line from Austria. Volochysk faced Podvolochysk (Austria) across the Zbruch river and was a customs and border checkpoint between the Russian and Habsburg empires (Wikipedia, «Volochysk»; JewishGen Volochisk pages). In July 1876, with Marie on her way to Russia, her father's telegram reads: «Si vous allez directement de Volotchisk chez moi, votre frère vous accompagnera... télégraphiez quand. Bashkirtseff» (064.0316). She goes instead by Berlin to Petersburg (see [Wirballen](WIRBALLEN.md)).

Voltaire

Von Derwies

Voronine

- Type: people - mentioned

Voyeïkoff (Madame Voyeïkoff)