T

Tableau

[Research needed]

Tableau d'histoire: the Cupid caricature (July 1875)

The *tableau d'histoire* of 23 July 1875 is a joke painting: a group caricature of her young men in Nice, painted in a day. It shows [Godard](../../people/mentioned/GODARD.md) as Cupid, the head of [Saëtone](../../people/recurring/SAETONE.md), the profile of Danis, a butterfly on a tower, and other figures, on a blue sky with clouds. Marie ends it "Plaisanterie à part cette caricature est charmante. ... Ce me sera un souvenir amusant." (037.0386). It belongs with the oil caricatures of the Nice circle she made that summer and autumn (see also [La grande caricature](./GRANDE_CARICATURE_1875.md) and the [caricature of Smirnoff](./CARICATURE_SMIRNOFF.md)).

Talleyrand Perigord

- Type: people - mentioned

Talon rouge

- Type: people - mentioned

Tamancheff

A Russian family, «d'anciennes connaissances» of the Bashkirtseffs (022/1874-08-04), who are at Ostende in August 1874 when the family arrives from Spa («Les Tamanchoff sont ici», 023.0105): Mme Tamancheff, her son Georges and, most likely, the girls Lise and Katia with whom Marie bathes and spends her days (Mon Journal t.4 index «Tamancheff (Georges)», «Tamancheff (Mme)», and, on the same pages, «Lise (Mlle), 108, 110, 113-115», «Katia (Mlle), 108, 113-114», given without surname). Marie: «Ils sont riches et nobles et cependant ont l'air …» (023/1874-08-25). They leave Ostende on 26 August 1874; «Après nous allons au salon, Dina, Lise, Katia, moi, Paul et Georges. Lise, ce cœur d'or, pleure déjà … Maintenant qu'ils partent j'en suis très fâchée» (023.0321) ties the girls to the departing family (0.8). Marie writes to them afterwards (024/1874-09-18, 025.0198).

Tamancheff

Tanlay

[Research needed]

Tannhauser

Richard Wagner's opera *Tannhäuser und der Sängerkrieg auf Wartburg* (first given in Dresden in 1845; revised for the Paris Opéra in 1861) (en.wikipedia «Tannhäuser (opera)»).

Tante

tante Marie

Tarbe

[Research needed]

Tarente

Tarnakoff

A gentleman who briefly accompanied the Bashkirtseff family in their carriage during the Mardi Gras carnival festivities.

Tattegrain

Francis Tattegrain (1852–1915), French naturalist painter born in Péronne, known for scenes of fishermen of the northern coast, who trained at the Académie Julian from 1877 under Lefebvre and Boulanger, exhibited at the Salon from 1879, and settled at Berck (en.wikipedia «Francis Tattegrain»; Musée de Berck).

Tcherkassky

The Tcherkasskys' departure from Schlangenbad on 26 August 1875: «Les Tcherkassky sont partis, d'abord pour Wiesbaden puis pour Pétersbourg. Ils sont partis de chez nous» (039.0260). This is the same couple as [PRINCE_TCHERKASSKY](../aristocracy/PRINCE_TCHERKASSKY.md) and [PRINCESSE_TCHERKASSKY](../aristocracy/PRINCESSE_TCHERKASSKY.md), who spent the preceding two weeks with Marie's mother (the same days, the same place, and the Mon Journal t.5 index lists p.261 under both «Tcherkassy (prince)» and «Tcherkassy (princesse)»). The earlier owner ruling (3 October 2026) kept this entry separate from the other spellings; the evidence here suggests a merge (see the list).

Tcherniakovka

The Babanine family house and estate (Marie's maternal grandfather Stepan Babanine, «grand-papa», and later his son Alexandre) in the Poltava region of Ukraine, where Marie spent her earliest childhood: «notre ancien nid, où chaque homme, chaque objet ont une histoire pour moi» (066/1876-10-06). It was not the Bashkirtseff (paternal) property, which was Gavronzi; her mother's family lived here: «venir habiter chez grand-papa à Tcherniakovka» (000/000-04). The name may derive from "chornyi" (black/dark in Ukrainian/Russian), suggesting a dark feature of the landscape. The suffix -ovka indicates a village or estate. In the diary it is still the Babanine seat in 1876 (Marie visits it on 4-6 October 1876 and still has her great-aunt Vassilissa Babanine living there, 066/1876-10-06); the remark in 018/1874-04-13 on its lost «grandeurs passées» is grand-papa's, not a statement about the family losing the estate.

Tchernicheff

Tchernichoff Krouglikoff

A Russian count with a double name seen at the Orthodox Easter service in Nice in 1875; the Mon Journal t.5 index has «Tchernichoff-Krouglikoff (comte), 36». Nothing more is known; the double surname is not found in the other indexes.

Te Deum

Ancient Latin Christian hymn of praise, traditionally sung at special celebrations and thanksgivings.

Teachers and Tutors

Marie Bashkirtseff's education in Nice involved multiple teachers and tutors, reflecting the comprehensive education expected for young women of her social class. These educators taught various subjects and represented different nationalities and specialties.

Teatro del Fondo

- Type: places - theaters

Teatro Pagliano (Florence)

Florentine theatre built for Girolamo Pagliano on the site of the old Stinche prison, opened in 1854 and renamed Teatro Verdi in 1901 (en.wikipedia «Teatro Verdi (Florence)»).

Teatro Valle (Rome)

The Teatro Valle, near Sant'Andrea della Valle in the centre of Rome, built for the Capranica family to designs by Tommaso Morelli and opened on 7 January 1727; rebuilt in masonry by Giuseppe Valadier and Gaspare Salvi around 1818-1822. Rossini's *La Cenerentola* had its premiere there in 1817; in the second half of the nineteenth century it turned increasingly to spoken drama and lighter fare (en.wikipedia «Teatro Valle»; FAI, «Teatro Valle»).

Tebbitt Family

English family in Nice society. Marie dismisses them as ordinary, not part of the elegant world.

Teheran

- Type: places - cities

Temple

- Type: people - mentioned

Terffidua (Emile d'Audiffret)

Ternes

The Paris district of the Ternes, in the north-west. In December 1881 Marie, in a low mood, thinks of Mlle Tchernitsky («La Tchernitsky, folle de bois ?») and of the place she lives: «Jusqu'au quartier qu'elle habite, les Ternes; et mon quartier à moi, si propre, si uniforme, où l'on ne voit ni une pauvresse, ni un arbre non-taillé, ni une rue tortueuse. Bref je me plains contre la fortune» (094.0094-0095). See [Tchernitsky](../../people/mentioned/TCHERNITSKY.md).

Terracina

Town on the Tyrrhenian coast south-east of Rome, at the southern end of the Pontine Marshes. Cardinal Giacomo Antonelli was born at nearby Sonnino (New Advent / Catholic Encyclopedia, "Giacomo Antonelli").

Testament

Tête de jeune femme (Jeune femme à la plume bleue)

*Tête de jeune femme*, also circulated as *Jeune femme à la plume bleue* (oil on canvas, 55 × 45 cm, c. 1878), is in the **Musée Ziem at Martigues**, inv. **ZP 147**. It was given by the artist's mother for the museum's founding in 1908 — one of a series of gifts by which Maria Stepanovna placed her daughter's work in French public collections between 1902 and 1920.

The Allen Family

English or American family in Nice including Mr. Allen, Mrs. Allen, and their son "le jeune Allen," who socialize with the Bashkirtseff and Howard families.

The Antonelli family (Rome)

«Les Antonelli»: the Roman family of Cardinal Giacomo Antonelli, Secretary of State to Pius IX, as a whole: his brother count Louis (Luigi) Antonelli, the countess Camilla Folchi and their sons Dominique, Paul and Pietro. Marie describes the family herself on 29 April 1876: «Il y a d'abord et avant tout le cardinal-diacre Jacques Antonelli… le comte Louis Antonelli marié à la comtesse Camille Folchi dont il a eu trois fils: Dominique, Paul et Pierre» (059.0601). Use this file where Marie means the family collectively, chiefly as the obstacle to her marriage with Pietro in 1876 («l'opposition ne vient pas de notre côté mais bien du côté des Antonelli», 056.0157); use the individual files where a person is meant.

The Canrobert family

"Les Canrobert" is Marie's collective name, from February 1883 to her death, for the household of Marshal François Certain de Canrobert (1809–1895), his wife Leïla Flora Macdonald (1838–1889) and their children. They were her entry to the Bonapartist and artistic aristocracy of Paris: the circle of Princess Mathilde, Mme Hochon, the painters Francesqui, Boulanger and Lefèvre. For the individual members see:

The card players (1877)

On **10 June 1877**, at Nice, Marie sketched the family's card game "à la lueur de deux bougies que le vent faisait vaciller beaucoup trop", and the next morning, 11 June, "j'ai ébauché sur toile nos joueurs, Walitsky, la Daniloff, Bihovetz et Anitchkoff" (072.0001). She is excited by the task: "J'ai la tête montée de peindre quatre personnes assises, de faire les poses des mains, des bras, les expressions. Je n'ai jamais fait que des têtes séparées en grand et en petit, je me contentais de les semer comme des fleurs sur la toile." It is, in her own words, her first composition with several seated figures.

The City

The historic financial district of London, inside the old city walls (en.wikipedia «City of London»).

The Diary

This thematic tag collects diary paragraphs where Marie writes about the diary itself -- the act of writing, her reasons for keeping a journal, reflections on what she has written, and self-conscious commentary on the text as object. Across the diary's twelve years (1873-1884), the meta-diary theme traces Marie's evolution from a girl who writes for private pleasure into a dying woman who consciously constructs a literary monument. The meta-passages are what make Marie's diary unique in the history of the genre: not merely a record of life but a sustained meditation on what it means to record a life.

The Hungarian

A man known to Marie only as «le Hongrois», whom she meets on her walks at Nice in October 1874; she does not name him. He is not in the Mon Journal indexes.

The Islands

The islands of the Neva delta, the fashionable summer resort of Petersburg society. Source footnote at 064.0447: Krestovsky, Yelagin and Kamenny islands in the western delta of the Neva. Marie goes there after dinner on 7 August 1876: «Nous allâmes aux Iles et à la pointe de laquelle on admire le coucher du soleil sur le golfe de Finlande. Les ravissantes petites villas bâties dans le style russe, en bois, m'ont charmée, situées qu'elles sont au milieu de jardin et au bord de nombreuses manches de la Néva, elles semblent des maisonnettes de joujou dont on vend des boîtes entières avec de petits arbres en mousse, des chevaux en bois et des pièces d'eau en verre.» They arrive after sunset and it is cold for July; «Peu de monde, quelques cocottes» (064.0447).

The Karageorgevitch family

"Karageorgevitch" in the diary is not one person but a household: the exiled Serbian prince George, his wife Sara (Marie's "la princesse"), and their two sons Alexis and Bojidar. Marie writes "les Karageorgevitch" when the family arrives or dines together, "le vieux prince" or "le vieux Karageorgevitch" for the father, "la mère Karageorgevitch" for the mother, and "les deux Karageorgevitch" or "les petits Karageorgevitch" for the sons. This entry carries the tag when the text means the family as a group, or the father, or leaves it open which of them is meant. When the text means a single member, use the separate entries:

The Kharkiv Lost Works

Marie left roughly 230 works. Most of them ended up in one building in **Kharkiv**, and that building was emptied and then burned in the Second World War. Sixty-five of her canvases are itemised as lost there. This entry carries the destruction history for the whole œuvre, because almost every "lost" and "whereabouts unknown" in the other artwork entries leads back to it.

The Lamplighter

*The Lamplighter* (1854) is an American novel by Maria Susanna Cummins (1827–1866), published in Boston by John P. Jewett. It is a female Bildungsroman (coming-of-age novel) following Gertrude Flint, an orphan girl rescued from an abusive guardian by a kindly lamplighter named Trueman Flint, who raises her with Christian virtue and love. The book explores themes of religious faith, redemption, and female perseverance. On publication it sold 40,000 copies within eight weeks, making it one of the bestselling American novels of its time. (Source: Wikipedia, "The Lamplighter".)

The Michel family (Nice, 1873)

A family «les Michel» named twice in Nice in the spring of 1873. The Mon Journal t.1 index lists «Michel (famille), 144, 176» and nothing more.

The Morning Post

*The Morning Post* was a conservative British daily newspaper published in London from 1772 to 1937, when it was absorbed by *The Daily Telegraph*. During the 19th century, it was the preferred newspaper of the British aristocracy and the social elite, known for its Court Circular, society columns, and coverage of fashionable events. It had a notably Tory political orientation.

The Prater, Vienna

The great park and promenade of Vienna, which Marie drives through during her stay for the Vienna Exposition in August 1873. Not Marie's dog Prater ([#Prater](../../people/mentioned/PRATER.md)).

The Randouins (M. Randouin-Berthier and family)

The household of M. Randouin (Alexandre Randouin-Berthier in the Mon Journal indexes), his wife Odette and their children: a fixture of Nice society under the last imperial prefect, Gavini («Mme Gavini, dernière préfète de l'Empire, à Nice. C'est sous son règne que régnèrent les Randouin, Souvoroff, Doubelt, Korsakoff», 075.0465), still there in Marie's first diary years («Belletti et Randouin étaient à la tête de l'élégance préfectorale de Nice il y a trois ans», 083.0027, October 1878), and from 1878 part of the Gavinis' Bonapartist circle in Paris. This file is for the husband, the couple and the children; Mme Randouin herself has her own entry, [Odette](ODETTE.md).

The Raynaud family (Nice, 1877)

A working family of Nice who served the Bashkirtseff household. On Marie's name day, 3 June 1877, «Mademoiselle Raynaud, c'est-à-dire Françoise la blanchisseuse» brings her a bouquet; her mother is the household's cook when one is needed and her father a cobbler; then «Madame Raynaud elle-même» comes with her married daughter, whose child Marie is to be godmother to and to name Alexandre or Alexandrine (071.0548, 071.0549). Not the «certain Raynaud» suspected in 1875 ([#Raynaud](../mentioned/RAYNAUD.md)).

The Rosière letter to Audiffret (1875)

The *Rosière* is a mock-formal letter that Marie composed on **9 November 1875** to tease the d'Audiffret family: it announces that Léon d'Audiffret's "fichu fils" is to be crowned *Rosière* -- the village girl publicly crowned with roses for her virtue -- on Sunday 14 November in the theatre of the Folies Niçoises. The joke is the crowd of attestors, a roll-call of Nice waiters, concierges, café owners and gendarmes who "ont tous témoigné de sa bonne conduite", which is to say that the young man is a known rake of every restaurant and club in town.

The School of Athens (L'École d'Athènes, Raphael)

Fresco by **Raphael**, painted 1509-1511 for Pope Julius II in the Stanza della Segnatura of the Apostolic Palace in the Vatican. It shows ancient philosophers, mathematicians and scientists gathered in a great vaulted hall, with Plato and Aristotle at the centre; Leonardo and Michelangelo are thought to be portrayed as Plato and Heraclitus, and Raphael included his own portrait. It is considered one of his best-known works and the "perfect embodiment of the classical spirit of the Renaissance". (Source: Wikipedia, "The School of Athens".)

The Tutscheff Family

The White Rose (Whyte-Melville)

*The White Rose* is a novel in three volumes (1868) by George John Whyte-Melville (1821–1878), the Scottish novelist best known for fiction about field sports (Wikipedia EN, "George Whyte-Melville"). Digitised copies of the 1868 three-volume edition are on the Internet Archive. The plot is not summarised here because the book was not read for this entry.

Theater (Théâtre)

Theater-going is a central social activity in Marie's Nice life during the 1873-74 winter season. The theater serves as both entertainment and crucial social observatory where she watches aristocratic society, tracks Gioia, and is observed by potential suitors like Lambertye.

Theatre

[Research needed]

Theatre & Opera

This thematic tag collects diary paragraphs where Marie discusses theatrical performances, plays, actors, the theater as social venue, and theatrical metaphors for life. Theater is one of the most pervasive themes in Marie's world -- encompassing everything from her attendance at premieres and operettas to her acute awareness that she is always, in some sense, performing.

Theatre de la Gaite

The Théâtre de la Gaîté, Paris (square des Arts-et-Métiers from 1862), where Offenbach's *Orphée aux enfers* was revived as an opéra-bouffe féerie in February 1874 (en.wikipedia «Théâtre de la Gaîté»; «Orphée aux enfers»).

Theatre de la Porte Saint Martin

- Type: places - theaters

Theatre de la Renaissance

- Type: places - theaters

Theatre des Bouffes

«Les Bouffes»: the Théâtre des Bouffes-Parisiens, the Paris operetta house founded by Offenbach in 1855, passage Choiseul (en.wikipedia «Théâtre des Bouffes-Parisiens»).

Theatre des Italiens

- Type: places - theaters

Theatre des Varietes

- Type: places - theaters

Théâtre du Gymnase

The Théâtre du Gymnase (Gymnase-Dramatique), on the boulevard de Bonne-Nouvelle in Paris, opened in 1820. Under its director Adolphe Montigny it became the house of the modern society comedy and drama (Scribe, Augier, Dumas fils, Sardou); Meilhac and Halévy's *Frou-Frou* was first given there in 1869 (Wikipedia, "Théâtre du Gymnase Marie Bell"; "Frou-Frou (comédie)").

Theatre du Vaudeville

Théâtre Français Nice

- Type: people - mentioned

Theatre Historique

- Type: places - theaters

Théâtre Italien Nice

- Type: people - mentioned

Théâtre-Français (Nice)

The French-language theatre of Nice, which Marie calls «le Théâtre Français» (or «théâtre français»). It is not the Paris Comédie-Française (see [Comédie-Française](COMEDIE_FRANCAISE.md)); in Nice it stood beside the Italian opera house (see [Italian Opera, Nice](ITALIAN_OPERA_NICE.md)). Its address and history are not yet researched.

Théodore Rousseau

Théodore Rousseau (1812–1867), landscape painter, leading figure of the Barbizon school (en.wikipedia «Théodore Rousseau»). Marie names him with Corot, Troyon and Millet, the painters of the generation before hers. Not the writer Jean-Jacques Rousseau ([JEAN_JACQUES_ROUSSEAU](../mentioned/JEAN_JACQUES_ROUSSEAU.md)).

Théodore Tchoumakoff (Fyodor Petrovich Chumakov)

"Tchoumakoff" is a family: **Théodore Tchoumakoff** (Russian Fyodor Petrovich Chumakov, 1823–1911), a Russian portrait painter settled in Paris; his wife, whom Marie calls "la mère Tchoumakoff"; and their daughter **Léonie**. They are not doctors: the diary introduces him on 27 April 1879 as "Tchoumakoff, le peintre" (085.0026) and his wife and daughter as "femme du peintre" and "Mlle Tchoumakoff" (084.0708). The entry is filed under *people/doctors* by mistake.

Theolog

A lady called Mme Theolog by Marie, in the Mon Journal t.14 index «Théologo (Mme) : 215». The name looks Greek (*Theologos*). No first name or other details are known.

Théophile Gautier

Théophile Gautier (1811-1872) was a French poet, novelist, journalist, and art critic. He is best known as a major proponent of "art for art's sake" (*l'art pour l'art*) and as a bridge between Romanticism and later aesthetic movements.

Thérèse (Spa, 1874)

Mlle Thérèse Witoslowsky (the surname from the Mon Journal t.4 index, with the editors' query: «Witoslowsky (Mlle Thérèse ?), 25–26, 42, 45, 62, 71–72»; «Thérèse, 71–72, 241»), a young woman of the Spa season of 1874. Count Merjeewsky has brought «la deuxième Thérèse» to Spa with him, to the distress of his wife (022.0266); there is also a sister and a father («le père Witoslowsky»). See [MERJEEWSKY](MERJEEWSKY.md).

Thiers

[Research needed]

Thilenius

Thomas de Barbarin

French acquaintance who attends Marie's social gatherings in Paris in late 1880.

Thouvenel

A Parisian society lady of the Gavini circle in 1881–82, «Mme de Thouvenel» in the Mon Journal t.14 index (pp. 117, 274, 280). She is not further identified; the surname is that of the diplomat Édouard Thouvenel (1818–1866), the foreign minister of Napoleon III, but the diary does not say whether she is a relative.

Three Graces Society

A playful society formed by Marie Bashkirtseff and the Sapogenikoff sisters in Nice during spring 1875. Named after the three Graces (Charites) from Greek mythology.

Tibet

Young man at the Howards' children's matinee who shows attention to Marie.

Tichkevitch

Person mocked along with Mlle Kolokolzoff by Marie's social circle.

Tir aux pigeons

Pigeon shooting event in Nice/Monte Carlo area, popular aristocratic sport.

Tireuse de cartes

[Research needed]

Tiste

Tiste, a comic actor of the Théâtre français at Nice in 1875–77: Marie calls him «Tiste du Théâtre français de Nice» (068.0797), and the Mon Journal indexes list «Tiste (M.), acteur» (t.6 pp. 44, 77, 110; t.9 p. 277) and, for 1882, «Tiste (boutique) : 292» (t.14). The name is the usual stage short form of Baptiste; the actor's full name is not given. See [THEATRE_FRANCAIS_NICE](THEATRE_FRANCAIS_NICE.md).

Tite

A name Marie quotes once in September 1875. It is probably a spelling variant of [Tiste](TISTE.md), the comic actor of the Théâtre français at Nice (0.5), whose catch-phrases she often repeats in this period; the Mon Journal t.5–6 indexes have no «Tite» (the t.5–t.13 «Tite-Live» entries concern the historian Livy). The entry is distinct from Livy.

Tite Live

- Type: people - mentioned

Titian

Tiziano Vecellio (c. 1488/90 – 1576), the leading painter of the Venetian Renaissance (Wikipedia, "Titian"). Marie writes «Titien» or «le Titien».

Tofano

- Type: people - mentioned

Toilette

In 19th-century French, "toilette" had two related meanings: (1) the process of dressing, grooming, and preparing one's appearance, and (2) the resulting outfit or ensemble. Marie uses both senses extensively. "Faire sa toilette" (to make one's toilette) was the elaborate morning ritual of bathing, dressing, hairdressing, and accessorizing that could take one or two hours for a woman of her class.

Toledo

- Type: people - mentioned

Toledo Naples

Tolkatch

Tolkatch is a juge d'instruction (examining magistrate/investigator) involved in a legal case connected to the Bashkirtseff family. Marie's uncle Alexandre has manipulated him through an elaborate scheme.

Tolomo

- Type: people - mentioned

Tolstoy (Tolstoï)

**Not to be confused with** [`LEO_TOLSTOY.md`](../../people/mentioned/LEO_TOLSTOY.md) — the novelist himself, whom Marie mentions once, separately, a decade later (carnet 105, 1884-07-15), discussing *War and Peace*. See also [`TOLSTOY_FAMILY.md`](../../people/mentioned/TOLSTOY_FAMILY.md), the collective stub for this same Nice family.

Tolstoy family

- Type: people - mentioned

Tomb of Marie Bashkirtseff (Passy)

Marie Bashkirtseff lies in a stone funerary chapel in the **cimetière de Passy** (2 rue du Commandant-Schloesing, Paris 16e, division 11). It was designed by [Émile Bastien-Lepage](../../people/recurring/EMILE_BASTIEN_LEPAGE.md), the architect brother of the painter [Jules Bastien-Lepage](../../people/recurring/BASTIEN_LEPAGE.md), and built within a year or two of her death on 31 October 1884. It is a domed building of Byzantine inspiration with a stained-glass window, an upper room fitted out as a corner of her studio, and a vault below. The French Wikipedia article on the cemetery calls it the "imposante chapelle funéraire" that dominates the cemetery from outside, its silhouette visible at the start of the avenue Paul-Doumer (fr.wikipedia.org, "Cimetière de Passy"); the *Pall Mall Gazette* (1892) places it "close to the entrance". Wikipedia and the *Pall Mall Gazette* alike present the upper room as a studio rather than a conventional chapel.

Tony Robert-Fleury

Tony Robert-Fleury (born 1 September 1837 in Paris; died 8 December 1911 in Paris) was a French academic painter of history subjects, portraits and genre scenes, and one of the three masters who taught at the women's atelier of the Académie Julian in Marie's years. He was the son of the painter Joseph-Nicolas Robert-Fleury (1797-1890), member of the Institut, professor (1855) and director (1863) of the École des Beaux-Arts, and briefly director of the Académie de France in Rome (1866-67). Tony studied with his father, with Léon Cogniet and with Paul Delaroche. He made his Salon debut in 1866 with *Varsovie* (a scene of the Polish insurrection; Marie calls it "Le Massacre des Polonais") and won medals in 1866, 1867 and 1868 and a gold medal in 1870. *Le Dernier Jour de Corinthe* (1870) was bought by the State and hung in the Luxembourg Museum; *Pinel délivrant les aliénés à la Salpêtrière en 1795* (1876) is his best-known canvas. He was made chevalier of the Légion d'honneur in 1873, officer in 1884 and commander in 1907; he became professor at the École des Beaux-Arts in 1905, succeeded Bouguereau as president of the Société des artistes français, and in 1891 married Antoinette Pottecher (fr.wikipedia.org, "Tony Robert-Fleury" and "Joseph-Nicolas Robert-Fleury").

Tony Robert-Fleury

Tony Robert-Fleury

Torlonia

Don Clemente Torlonia, of the Roman banking family, Marie's acquaintance in Rome in 1876 and Larderel's companion in 1877. In March 1876 Marie writes: «Torlonia comprend le russe, sa mère, née Ruspoli s'est remariée en secondes noces avec le comte Kiseleff, ministre de Russie à Florence. A présent elle est veuve» (055/1876-03-13). That fits exactly Francesca Torlonia née Princess Ruspoli (1830–1902), widow of the poet Giovanni Torlonia (1831–1858), duke of Poli and Guadagnolo (it.wikipedia «Torlonia»), who on 10 November 1863 in Paris married Count Nikolai Dmitrievich Kiselev, Russian envoy to the Roman and Tuscan courts from 1855 and to the Kingdom of Italy from 1864 until his death in Florence on 26 November 1869 (ru.wikipedia «Киселёв, Николай Дмитриевич»). Don Clemente is therefore a son of Giovanni Torlonia and Francesca Ruspoli, of the Poli line, born before his father's death in 1858 (0.85); no source found names him directly.

Torniole

Tortoni

- Type: people - mentioned

Toulon

Toulon is a major port city on the Mediterranean coast in southeastern France. Marie passes through Toulon on August 28, 1873, during her train journey from Paris to Nice.

Toulouse

Toulouse enters the diary only through the flood of June 1875. On 23 June 1875 the Garonne flooded the city, reaching 8.32 m at the Pont-Neuf, the highest level on record; about 208 people died and some 1,200 houses were destroyed (source footnote at 035.0136, citing herodote.net and a University of Toulouse Jean Jaurès colloquium programme). Benefits were organised in Nice for «ces pauvres inondés de Toulouse».

Tour Saint Jacques

In the list in which Marie uses it, a Paris shop: «au Louvre, au Bon Marché, au Petit Saint-Thomas, au Grand Saint-Paul, à la Tour Saint-Jacques, au Nez rose, à la Cheville tournée !!!» (019.0229): the first four are department stores and drapers, so the Tour Saint-Jacques is, in this context, probably a shop of the same kind, named after the tower, not the Gothic tower itself (the surviving tower of the church of Saint-Jacques-de-la-Boucherie, restored under the Second Empire by Théodore Ballu; Paris Unlocked, «Tour Saint-Jacques»). We searched for a *nouveautés* shop of this name and found none, so the reading is not confirmed.

Tourguenieff

Ivan Sergeyevich Turgenev (1818–1883), Russian novelist, who lived in France near the singer Pauline Viardot and died at Bougival, near Paris, on 3 September 1883; he is buried in St Petersburg (en.wikipedia «Ivan Turgenev»; Henry James, «Ivan Turgénieff», on the farewell at the Gare du Nord). Marie writes his name Tourguenieff; the Mon Journal t.4 index reads «Tourguenieff (Ivan Sergueievitch), romancier : 165, 168, 186», t.16 «Tourgueineff (Ivan Sergueievitch), écrivain : 43, 47–49».

Tournon

- Type: people - mentioned

Tourville

Tout passé (Breslau, Salon 1879)

*Tout passé* ("All is past") was **Louise Breslau's** Salon debut in 1879, catalogued as no. 408, "Tout passé!...", under "Breslau (Mlle Louise), née à Zurich (Suisse), élève de M. T. Robert-Fleury, avenue des Ternes, 40" (*Explication des ouvrages... Salon de 1879*, Internet Archive). Wikipedia notes that Breslau was the only student of the Académie Julian women's atelier to debut at the Salon that year. The sitter was her friend, the Italian singer **Maria Feller**, with whom Breslau and Sophie Schaeppi then shared an apartment (French Wikipedia, "Louise Breslau"; the English article instead calls it "a self-portrait that included her two friends", which does not match Marie's description below). Marie's own account has one woman in an armchair.

Tower of London

The fortress and former royal palace on the north bank of the Thames, founded by William the Conqueror after 1066, with the White Tower dated to about 1078 (Historic Royal Palaces; en.wikipedia «Tower of London»).

Train

Tramway

[Research needed]

Trassawsky

A rider of the morning ride at Nice in December 1874; the Mon Journal t.4 index has «Trassawsky, 239». Nothing more is known; the name looks Polish or Russian.

Travel

This thematic tag collects diary paragraphs where Marie describes travel — departures, arrivals, journeys by train, carriage, or ship, hotel stays, and the experience of moving between the many places she inhabited.

Trebinsky

Someone in Marie's circle whom she refers to as "le sauvage Trebinsky" (the savage Trebinsky) and "apprentis-vétérinaires" (apprentice veterinarians). The hostile tone suggests someone spreading rumors about Marie's health.

Tregouboff

A Poltava family. Mme Tregouboff is the daughter of Domenica (Georges Babanine's former wife) by her first marriage, so the half-sister of Dina and Lola: «une Mme Tregouboff, la fille du premier mariage de Domenica» (067.0632, 067/1876-11-03). Her husband, M. Tregouboff, is the «témoin oculaire» of the after-concert talk Marie hears at their house (067.0632). The Mon Journal t.9 index lists «Tregouboff (M.)» twice and «Tregouboff, (fille du premier mariage de Domenica)». A «M. Trégouboff» is among the callers at Gavronzi on 2 June 1881 (092/1881-06-02). On 11 June 1881 Marie and Maman call «chez les Trégouboff, madame est la sœur de la petite tante, la femme à Etienne», where Dina and Lola are staying (092/1881-06-11): so Machenka (uncle Etienne's wife) is her sister. The two lines agree: Machenka is herself a daughter of Domenica's first marriage, to a M. Kandiba (Mon Journal t.8/t.11 indexes «Babanine (Marie Dimitrievna, née Kandiba épouse d'Etienne Stépanovitch)»; Kernberger 2013, Glossary: «Babanine, Marie, née Kandiba: Marie's aunt, daughter of Domenica by her first marriage, married to Uncle Stepa»). Mme Tregouboff is therefore presumably also a Kandiba by birth (0.85); her first name is not given. The t.14 index has «Tregouboff (M.), russe de Poltava» and «Tregouboff (Mme)» (1881).

Trehern

Member of the Monaco shooting society in the 1870s.

Trent

*Trent*, an English racehorse that won the 100,000-franc prize on 14 June 1874 at Longchamp. Marie writes: «Le vainqueur est *Trent* à M. H. W. Marschal. C'est le tour des Anglais cette année» (020.0271). The prize of 100,000 francs is that of the Grand Prix de Paris, which had been run since 1863 and was won by British-owned horses in many of its early years (en.wikipedia «Grand Prix de Paris»). We did not find a source confirming that Trent won the 1874 race or the owner's name; the horse and owner are as Marie gives them. The entry is filed among the people but names a horse.

Trente et quarante

*Trente et quarante* (also *rouge et noir*) is a casino card game played with six packs against the bank; it was, with roulette, the main game at the Monte Carlo casino (Wikipedia, "Trente et quarante"). The entry is a game, not a person; its folder is a leftover of an auto-generated stub.

Trieste

The Adriatic port, then Austrian. The only mention is a piece of Russian gossip in Nice: on 1 December 1874 «Nous avons parlé de Schestakoff qui est agent militaire à Trieste comme Wittgenstein l'est à Paris» (027.0107), i.e. a Russian military attaché, like Prince Wittgenstein in Paris.

Trifon

Russian domestic servant, valet de chambre of Marie's grandfather (Grand-papa Babanine, whom Marie calls "papa" in the Nice years): «Trifon (valet de chambre de papa)» (012/1873-11-01). Son of a servant who had served the family forty years. Mon Journal t.8 index: «Trifon, domestique»; t.9 index: «Trifon» with his wife «Marfa… dont une fille: Pauline».

Triphemdos

A nickname for a person in Marie's household, used once. The word is not found in the Mon Journal index and the diary does not explain it.

Triphon

- Type: people - mentioned

Trobillant

An American lady with a French title, met in Paris in April 1881: the Mon Journal t.14 index reads «Trobillant (comtesse de), Américaine : 117». No first name is known.

Trocadero

The Trocadéro hill in Paris and, from 1878, the Palais du Trocadéro built for the Exposition universelle of 1878, with its great concert hall («la salle des fêtes du Trocadéro», 082.0431). In 1873 Marie looks over Paris from the hill (008.0114); in 1877–78 she follows the building works and the Exposition (076.0389, 079.0121, 081.0144); later she goes to concerts and charity matinées there (099.0232, 100.0041).

Troie

- Type: people - mentioned

Troili

- Type: people - mentioned

Troubestkoy

Troubetskoy

Troubetzkoy

In March 1882 the Troubetzkoy women are in Nice: Princess Lise (Elisabeth) Troubetzkoy, whom Marie calls «l'ineffable Lise», and her daughter, «la petite Troubetzkoy». The Mon Journal indexes list «Troubetskoy (princesse Lise)» and «Troubetskoy (Alexandra), fille» (t.9 p.205), «Troubetzkoy (Elisabeth, princesse)» (t.11 pp.150, 213, 248, 276), «Troubeskoy (princesse Elisabeth)» (t.13 p.73) and «Troubeskoy (Mme Lise)» (t.14 pp.299, 301). The «petite» of 1882 is probably the daughter Alexandra (0.7).

Trouville

- Type: places - cities

Troyon

[Research needed]

Tuberculose / Phtisie

Tuberculosis (TB), known in the 19th century as "phtisie" (phthisis) or "consomption" (consumption), was the leading cause of death in Europe throughout the 1800s. The disease primarily attacks the lungs but can affect other organs. It was not understood to be caused by a bacterium (*Mycobacterium tuberculosis*) until Robert Koch's discovery in 1882 — during Marie's lifetime.

Tuileries

[Research needed]

Turcan (signature)

On 22 January 1877, in Nice, Marie wrote two anonymous letters to herself in printed capitals and posted them to «Mlle Baschkirtseff», an idea Dina gave her (068.0782, 068.0785); she later showed them about as if from an unknown correspondent. The first, «Avec tes robes blanches tu as l'air d'une réclame de candeur ! Quitte le monde !», is signed «Don Fortunato» (068.0783); the second, «Arrivé depuis peu aux Enfers j'y ai rencontré ton âme», is signed «Turcan» (068.0784). Turcan was a murderer executed in Nice in December 1876; she had already threatened Audiffret that «l'âme de Turcan, celui qu'on a exécuté hier pour cause d'assassinat, est allée aux enfers et... qu'elle t'écrira» (068.0065, 15 December 1876). The executed man himself has no separate entry; tag the signature and the «âme de Turcan» here.

Turin

- Type: places - cities

Turkey (Turquie / Ottoman Empire)

Turkey, more precisely the Ottoman Empire, appears in Marie Bashkirtseff's diary primarily in political context. The Russo-Turkish War of 1877-1878 was a major event during Marie's diary years, and the "Eastern Question" (the fate of Ottoman territories in Europe) was a constant topic of diplomatic discussion. Marie, as both a Russian national and a resident of France, would have followed these events with particular interest.

Turquan

Two brothers Turquan in the Gavini circle, 1878–1884, whom Marie rarely tells apart.

Turquie

Tutcheff

The Tutcheffs of Nice: Sophie Grigorievna Tutcheff, née Bashkirtseff, and her husband. Marie calls Mme Tutcheff «la sœur de mon père» (068.0214), so she is Marie's **paternal** aunt; Kernberger (2013, glossary) calls her maternal, but this glossary follows Marie. Full entry: [Sophie Tutcheff](SOPHIE.md).

Tutcheff Family

Tzarskoie Selo (Tsarskoye Selo)

Tsarskoye Selo (literally "Tsar's Village," now Pushkin) was the principal summer residence of the Russian emperors, located about 25 km south of St. Petersburg. The town centered on two magnificent palaces -- the Catherine Palace (with its famous Amber Room) and the Alexander Palace. For the Bashkirtseff family and all Russian nobility, Tsarskoye Selo represented the pinnacle of imperial grandeur.