J

Jacqua de Bikowsky

Jacques

A little boy who sat to Marie in Paris in January 1884: «Il est mauvais ce portrait de Jacques... Je fais trop de fonds dessus» (103.0154, 27 January); «Fini Jacques ! Et comme son frère est venu le chercher, un bébé de trois ans, j'en fais une ébauche» (103.0187, 31 January). The picture is the *Portrait de Jacques* (see PORTRAIT_JACQUES); the boy is not otherwise identified.

Jacques-Henri Bernardin de Saint-Pierre

Jacques-Henri Bernardin de Saint-Pierre (1737-1814) was a French writer and botanist, best known for his novel *Paul et Virginie* (1788). A friend and follower of Jean-Jacques Rousseau, he shared Rousseau's belief in the nobility of natural man and the corrupting influence of civilization.

Jaka Griff

Jamin

- Type: people - mentioned

Janvier de la Motte

The tag covers a father and son, both deputies, introduced to Marie as friends of her (Bonapartist) party; the Mon Journal t.9 index separates them: «Janvier de La Motte (Eugène) (ancien préfet et député)», «Janvier de La Motte (Louis) (conseiller général et député)» and «Janvier de La Motte (Mlle), sœur de Louis».

Janze

[Research needed]

Jardin d'Acclimatation

The Jardin d'Acclimatation is a leisure garden and amusement park located in the northern part of the Bois de Boulogne in Paris (16th arrondissement). Opened in 1860 by Napoleon III, it was originally conceived as a botanical and zoological garden for the acclimatization of exotic plants and animals. By Marie Bashkirtseff's time, it had become a popular destination for fashionable Parisians, combining natural history exhibitions with entertainment and social display.

jardin de l Orangerie

- Type: people - mentioned

Jardin des Plantes

The Jardin des Plantes is the main botanical garden in Paris, located on the Left Bank (5th arrondissement) along the Seine. Founded in 1626 as the royal garden of medicinal plants, by Marie Bashkirtseff's time it had become a major scientific institution and public park. It housed the Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, a zoo (Menagerie), and extensive botanical collections.

Jardin Public

- Type: people - mentioned

Jardin Public Nice

The Jardin Public (Public Garden) of Nice was a park in the city center where Marie Bashkirtseff and her family would have walked and socialized. Nice's public gardens were part of the infrastructure of leisure that served the city's seasonal visitors, offering shaded promenades, flower displays, and spaces for social interaction away from the busier Promenade des Anglais.

Jardin Villemessant

The Jardin Villemessant appears to be a garden or park in Nice named after Hippolyte de Villemessant (1810-1879), the famous French journalist and founder of the newspaper Le Figaro in 1854. Villemessant had connections to Nice and the Riviera, where he spent time and was involved in the social and cultural life of the city. The garden may have been associated with his property or named in his honor.

Jardins Publics Nice

Jarevna

A vessel, not a person. On 1 December 1874, watching the crowd at the Nice station hoping to see the Empress, Marie notes that Walitsky saw her with «le consul Pelikan et Rangouli, capitaine de la *Jarevna*» (027.0106). *Tsarevna* is the Russian word for a tsar's daughter or princess; the ship is not identified further and no source on disk gives details.

Jarochewsky

Member of the Cercle de la Méditerranée in Nice.

Jaxa

Jaxa Bikowsky

Jean

- Type: people - mentioned

Jean David

- Type: people - mentioned

Jean et Jacques

*Jean et Jacques* (1883, oil on canvas, 155 × 115 cm) is the picture that made Marie a prize-winning painter. Two small, deliberately unhandsome boys from the Paris outskirts walk hand in hand along a wall on their way to school. It was accepted at the **Salon of 1883** — where she showed it beside *[La Parisienne](./LA_PARISIENNE.md)* and the pastel portrait of her cousin Dina — and the same year it took a ***mention honorable* at the Exposition internationale de Nice**, a detail recorded in the 1885 catalogue and missing from almost every account of her since.

Jean Howard

Brother of Hélène and Aggie Howard, the English family close to the Bashkirtseffs in Nice (see HELENE_HOWARD). He is present at the sofa gathering of 8 November 1873, «Jean sur un autre canapé vis-à-vis» (012.0119). In September 1874, on Marie's visit to the Howards in England, he rides with Hélène and Marie to see the family factory: «ils nous firent voir leur fabrique, Hélène, Jean et moi à cheval» (023.0669, 16 Sept 1874). In May 1873 the sisters tell Marie that their mother always holds her up as an example (005.0004).

Jean-Antoine Watteau

Jean-Antoine Watteau (1684-1721) was a French Rococo painter famous for his delicate, elegant scenes of aristocratic leisure and theatrical characters. He is particularly known for inventing the genre of "fêtes galantes" - idyllic scenes of well-dressed figures in parkland settings.

Jean-Baptiste Greuze

Jean-Baptiste Greuze (1725-1805) was a French painter known for his sentimental genre scenes and portraits of young women. His work epitomized the refined, graceful aesthetics of the 18th century that Marie so admires.

Jean-Charles Abbatucci

Corsican lawyer and Bonapartist politician. The index of *Mon Journal* t.12 lists him as «Abbatucci (Jean-Charles), homme politique : 154-155». English Wikipedia («Jean-Charles Abbatucci (politician)») gives him as a deputy under the Second Republic and again under the Third, representative in 1872–1876 and deputy of Corsica from 14 October 1877 to 27 October 1881, a Bonapartist throughout.

Jean-Charles Cazin

Jean-Charles Cazin (25 May 1841, Samer, Pas-de-Calais -- 26 March 1901, Le Lavandou) was a painter, engraver and ceramicist, a pupil of Lecoq de Boisbaudran, who spent some time in England in 1872--1874 and settled at Boulogne-sur-Mer in 1876. He was a friend of Puvis de Chavannes. His Salon works include *Le Chantier* (1876), *Agar et Ismaël* (1880, first-class medal; now Musée des beaux-arts, Tours), *Souvenir de fête* (1881) and *Judith sortant des murs de Béthulie* (1883), which was criticised for its modern costumes. He was made chevalier of the Légion d'honneur on 13 July 1882 ([Wikipedia fr, "Jean-Charles Cazin"](https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Charles_Cazin)).

Jean-Jacques Henner

Alsatian painter of nymphs and ethereal nudes, whom Marie admires at the Salons of 1880 and 1883 (identification: RSR note on 089/1880-06-20).

Jean-Jacques Rousseau

Jean-Jacques Rousseau (28 June 1712 -- 2 July 1778) was a Genevan philosopher, writer, and composer whose ideas profoundly influenced the Enlightenment, the French Revolution, and modern political, educational, and literary thought. He is referenced in Marie's diary as a literary and philosophical touchstone.

Jeanne (unidentified)

A generic entry for the name "Jeanne" where no surname is given. Several different women are called Jeanne in the diary and each should have her own file; the former tags here mostly belonged to **Jeanne de Ballore**, baronne de Wykerslooth, now [JEANNE_DE_BALLORE](JEANNE_DE_BALLORE.md). Other Jeannes with their own entries: [JEANNE_DANILOFF](JEANNE_DANILOFF.md) (a child friend, May 1877), [JEANNE_SUERMONDT](JEANNE_SUERMONDT.md), [JEANNE_INDIENNE](JEANNE_INDIENNE.md), [MLLE_JEANNE](../aristocracy/MLLE_JEANNE.md).

Jeanne d'Arc (Bastien-Lepage)

*Jeanne d'Arc* (1879) is the large history painting by [Jules Bastien-Lepage](../../people/recurring/BASTIEN_LEPAGE.md) in which the peasant girl Joan of Arc, in her parents' garden at Domrémy, hears the voices of Saints Michael, Margaret and Catherine, who appear faintly in the foliage behind her. It is oil on canvas, 254 × 279.4 cm, in the **Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York** (accession 89.21.1, Gift of Erwin Davis, 1889). It was shown at the [Salon](./SALON.md) of 1880 and bought that year by the New York businessman Erwin Davis. (Sources: Metropolitan Museum of Art, object record 89.21.1 and its essay on the painting; French Wikipedia, « Jeanne d'Arc (Bastien-Lepage) ».)

Jeanne Daniloff

Jeanne, the little daughter of Mme Daniloff of the Russian colony in Nice: «Jeanne la petite fille de Daniloff, une diablesse âgée de huit ans» (049.0410, 14 Nov 1875); Mon Journal t.6 index «Daniloff (Jeanne), 167». She goes to the Tour Audiffret with her boarding-school mistress and entertains Marie and the Sapogenikoff girls with gossip about the Audiffrets (049.0410–0419). Born about 1867.

Jeanne de Ballore (baronne de Wykerslooth)

Daughter of M. and Mme de Ballore, a French aristocratic family of the Nice circle (see [Mme de Ballore](MME_DE_BALLORE.md)), and wife of the baron de Wykerslooth, son of the princesse de la Trémoille (see [TREMOLILE](TREMOLILE.md)). Marie knows her as a friend of the Nice drawing-rooms in 1876-77 and follows her marriage drama afterwards. Identity per the Mon Journal indexes: t.9 «Ballore (Jeanne de), épouse du prince de Tremolile : 214, 228, 286» (the index calls the husband "prince", Marie writes "baron"); t.12 «Wykerslooth de Weerdesteyn (baronne Jeanne de Balorre)»; t.13 «Wykerslooth (Jeanne, baronne de, née de Ballore) : 12-15, 17-18, 22, 25, 27-28, 35» and «Veauce (baronne, née de Ballore) : 15» (her sister); t.14 «Wykerslooth (Mme Jeanne, baronne de) : 288». Kernberger (2013, glossary): «Wykerslooth, Baroness Jeanne, née de Ballore».

Jeanne l'Indienne

A young woman who reminds Marie of Baden-Baden («elle m'a rappelé Bade»), met again in Paris in May 1874. «l'Indienne» is Marie's nickname for her; it may point to an origin in India or the Indies, but the diary does not say.

Jeanne Suermondt

- Type: people - mentioned

Jenny

- Type: people - mentioned

Jenny Zillhardt

Zillhardt is a fellow student of Marie at the women's atelier of the [Académie Julian](../../places/schools/JULIAN.md). The Mon Journal index (t.14) identifies her as «Zillhardt (Jenny) élève à l'atelier Julian» and also has an entry «Zillhardt (Les)», i.e. the Zillhardt sisters. She is probably the painter Jenny Zillhardt (1857–1939), who began at Julian's in 1877, studied under Tony Robert-Fleury, and first showed at the Salon in 1878 (Wikipedia, «Jenny Zillhardt»). Marie only ever writes «Zillhardt» (never a first name), so the identification rests on the printed index.

Jerome

Jerusalem

Jerusalem is never visited in the diary. It appears as a vow, a relic and above all as the place where Marie intends to paint *Les Saintes Femmes* (the Marys at the empty tomb) from life, a project she carries from 1880 to the end and never carries out.

Jesus

Marie's references to Jesus Christ run through the whole diary, mostly in prayers (the invocation «Jésus, Sainte Vierge, priez Dieu pour moi» recurs: 017.0159, 034.0071, 050.0510, 052.0052) and in her religious crisis of 1875-77: 010.0436, 013.0187, 027.0130, 046.0327, 051.0207, 052.0249, 060.0445, 062.0261, 062.0543, 066.0527, 067.0286, 069.0666, 073.0334. She also thinks about him: on Holy Thursday 1876 (058.0005); when she climbs the Scala Santa steps on her knees, «tandis que Jésus a monté le même escalier» (052.0346, 21 Jan 1876); in a Bible discussion in June 1876, «Oui je crois en Dieu, en Jésus-Christ mais cela ne veut pas dire que Dieu fasse attention à moi» (062.0182); when she takes communion in April 1878 (079.0485); and on the Passion paintings she sees (043.0163-0194, Murillo's Virgin with the Child; 095.0118, a scene of the burial of Jesus).

Jeune femme lisant « La Question du divorce »

*Jeune femme lisant « La Question du divorce »* (oil on canvas, 130 × 98 cm, 1880) is **Marie's Salon debut** — the first work she ever showed publicly, and the first she describes making from conception to acceptance in the diary. It was accepted by the Salon des artistes français of 1880 and shown under a pseudonym: **"Marie Constantin Russ"**, assembled from her patronymic (Konstantinovna) and an abbreviation of "Russe". The sitter is her cousin **Dina Babanina**.

Jobal

[Research needed]

Jocelyn (Lamartine)

*Jocelyn* (1836) is the verse novel by Alphonse de Lamartine (1790–1869), presented as the journal of a country priest. According to the LAN/RSR notes in the diary files, it tells of a seminarian who falls in love with Laurence, a girl disguised as a boy; their separation is one of the great tragic scenes of French Romanticism. The Wikisource text is a validated transcription of the *Œuvres complètes* (tome 4).

Jockey Club

- Type: people - mentioned

Joe Norris

One of the best marksmen who participated in Monaco pigeon shoots.

Johann Sebastian Bach

Johann Sebastian Bach (1685-1750), German composer and musician of the Baroque period, widely regarded as one of the greatest composers in Western musical history. His works include the *Brandenburg Concertos*, the *Well-Tempered Clavier*, the *Mass in B minor*, the *St Matthew Passion*, and hundreds of cantatas, fugues, and organ works.

Johann Strauss II

Johann Strauss II (1825–1899), the Viennese composer and conductor, «the Waltz King» (Wikipedia, «Johann Strauss II»). Not his brother Eduard, the conductor whom Marie hears at Frankfurt in 1878 ([#Edouard_Strauss](../mentioned/EDOUARD_STRAUSS.md)).

John Arthur

- Type: people - mentioned

John Singer Sargent

[John Singer Sargent](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Singer_Sargent) (1856–1925) was an American portrait painter trained in Paris in the atelier of [Carolus-Duran](./CAROLUS_DURAN.md), whose most celebrated pupil he became. Marie never met him in the pages of the diary; he appears only as a name at the Salon, a rival measure of what portraiture could be.

Johnstone

Robert Lancaster-Johnstone (Marie writes «Lancaster», «Robert», «Lancaster Johnstone», once «Jonhstone»), an Englishman, the husband of [Berthe Boyd](../recurring/BERTHE.md), whom he married in 1878 after her flight with him. The Mon Journal indexes list him as «Lancaster-Johnstone (Robert)» (t.11 pp. 105, 144, 176, 187–188, 197–198, 208, 259; t.12 pp. 172, 176, 180, 241, 248; t.13 pp. 22, 31, 62, 66–67, 70, 72, 83, 108, 112, 118, 121, 163; t.14 pp. 110, 115, 264). No other biographical data are known; he is not the baronet [Sir Frederic Johnstone](SIR_FREDERIC_JOHNSTONE.md) of 1875.

Jonnie

Child at the Howard household who owns stilts.

Joseph

Joseph, son of Jacob, is famous in the Bible for his ability to interpret dreams. His story is told in the Book of Genesis.

Joseph Arnaud

Joseph Arnaud de l'Ariège

Joseph Arnaud de l'Ariège was a young man who headed Léon Gambetta's cabinet. He was part of the Republican political circles that Marie followed closely during her political phase (1878-1879).

Joseph Arozzo

- Type: people - mentioned

Joseph Balsamo (Dumas, novel and 1878 Odéon play)

**The play.** On 18 March 1878 the Odéon created *Joseph Balsamo*, a "drame en cinq actes" by Alexandre Dumas père and (for the stage adaptation) his son Alexandre Dumas fils, with sets by Jean-Louis Chéret. (Wikipedia fr, "1878 au théâtre" and "Alexandre Dumas (fils)".) One later account calls it a failure at the Odéon, but I could not verify its run or reviews.

Joséphine

Household servant or messenger who handles errands.

Jouffroy

[Research needed]

Journal d'un diplomate en Italie (d'Ideville)

*Journal d'un diplomate en Italie. Notes intimes pour servir à l'histoire du Second Empire* is a two-volume memoir by Henri d'Ideville (Henri Amédée Le Lorgne, comte d'Ideville, 1830–1887), a French diplomat and writer (Wikipedia FR, "Henri d'Ideville"). One volume covers Turin, 1859–1862, the other Rome, 1862–1866. It was published in Paris from 1872 (the Turin volume was reviewed by *The Spectator* on 4 May 1872 and, per that review, carries a preface by Édouard Hervé); the Rome volume is dated 1873 (Hachette) and later editions of the Turin volume appeared (the Internet Archive copy is dated 1875). The Spectator reviewer noted a tone of condemnation of the imperial government that employed him and some vivid personal sketches.

Journal de Marie Bashkirtseff (Charpentier, 1887)

The first published edition of Marie Bashkirtseff's diary, issued in two volumes by Charpentier/Fasquelle in Paris in 1887. Edited by André Theuriet with a preface by François Coppée. This heavily censored edition included only ~25% of the complete diary, with extensive cuts and alterations made primarily by Marie's mother to protect family reputation and social propriety.

Journal dun diplomate en Italie

- Type: people - mentioned

Jouvin

- Type: people - mentioned

Jouy

Jouy en Josas

The village near Versailles where the Canroberts have their country house, and where Marie spends many days from July 1883 to September 1884. She first sees it with her aunt on 8 July 1883: «Ma tante me mène chez les Canrobert, près de Versailles dans le village de Jouy en Josas. Charmante propriété. Un ancien pavillon de chasse approprié avec le génie anglais du confort, quoiqu'assez simple» (100.0294). The paragraph footnote at 102.0225 gives the location (south-west of Paris, in the Bièvre valley) and notes that the Mallets also had a country house there. Marie writes «Jouy». See [the Canrobert family](../../people/mentioned/CANROBERT.md), [Claire Canrobert](../../people/recurring/CLAIRE_CANROBERT.md).

Judic

[Research needed]

Jugement de Paris

A painting Marie notices on 12 June 1874, at an exhibition on the Champs-Élysées (the same excursion takes in the Panorama and the Palais de l'industrie): «Il y a un tableau qui a fixé mon attention c'est le Jugement de Pâris, il est si mal fait, de plus il a l'air sale, et les déesses sont comme les déesses du Théâtre français de Nice» (020.0224). Painter not named and not identified. The subject is Paris's choice among Hera, Athena and Aphrodite (Wikipedia, «Judgement of Paris»).

Jules Bastien-Lepage

Jules Bastien-Lepage (born 1 November 1848 at Damvillers, Meuse; died 10 December 1884 in Paris) was a French painter and engraver, the leading figure of the naturalist school of the early 1880s. He was the son of Claude Bastien and Adèle Lepage, a modest family of landowners and peasants; his younger brother was [#Emile_Bastien_Lepage](EMILE_BASTIEN_LEPAGE.md), later an architect and landscape painter. He came to Paris in 1867, worked for a time in the post office, entered the École des Beaux-Arts in 1868 and studied under Alexandre Cabanel (fr.wikipedia.org, "Jules Bastien-Lepage"). Marie notes that he was already a painter in 1870 and "made the campaign" of that war (103.0191).

Jules Ferry

Jules Ferry (1832–1893), republican statesman: Minister of Public Instruction from February 1879, président du Conseil in 1880–1881 and 1883–1885, the architect of the secular school laws and of French colonial expansion (Tonkin). On 15 March 1879 he tabled the bill on higher education whose Article 7 barred members of unauthorised religious congregations, above all the Jesuits, from teaching; the Chamber passed it, the Senate struck out Article 7, and the law of 18 March 1880 was passed without it (Encyclopædia Universalis, «Jules Ferry»; English Wikipedia, «Jules Ferry»).

Jules Franceschi

Jules Franceschi (1825–1893), French sculptor of the academic school (footnote at 102.0670; Mon Journal t.16 index «Franceschi (Jules), sculpteur : 116-117, 169, 173» and «Franceschi (Les) : 188»). Not the Corsican salon singer Franceschi of Nice and Paris, 1875–1878 ([FRANCESCHI](../mentioned/FRANCESCHI.md)).

Jules Gaillard

Jules Gaillard (born in Apt, Vaucluse, 10 April 1847; died at Courthézon, 30 September 1933), lawyer and deputy of Vaucluse. He was admitted to the Paris bar in 1874, was elected deputy in February 1882 in the by-election caused by Alphonse Gent's resignation (beating Eugène Raspail), was re-elected in 1885 and 1889 and sat until October 1893, with the extreme left and then the radical left. He defended one of the accused in the 1886 Decazeville strike; from 1894 he was a conseiller de préfecture in Lyon. (Fr. Wikipedia, "Jules Gaillard (homme politique, 1847-1933)", https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jules_Gaillard_(homme_politique,_1847-1933).)

Jules Joseph Lefebvre

Jules Joseph Lefebvre (14 March 1836 – 24 February 1911) was a French academic painter and educator, best known for his idealized allegorical and mythological female figures, particularly his paintings of draped women.

Jules Lefebvre

The "Lefebvre" (often written Lefèbvre or Lefèvre) whom Marie meets in the Académie Julian years is Jules Joseph Lefebvre (14 March 1834, Tournan-en-Brie -- 24 February 1912, Paris), the academic painter of the female nude and of portraits. The identification is certain: Marie names him next to Robert-Fleury and Boulanger as one of the three masters who judge Julian's competitions, and Julian reports Lefebvre's verdicts on her Salon picture. Dates: the Deutsche Biographie (GND authority record) and Marbach give 1834--1912 ([Deutsche Biographie](https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/117614734.html)); an earlier version of this page gave 1836--1911, a date pair found in the infoboxes of some Wikipedia versions but contradicted by their own text ([Wikipedia fr, "Jules Lefebvre"](https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jules_Lefebvre)).

Jules Massenet

Jules Massenet (12 May 1842, Montaud, now part of Saint-Étienne -- 13 August 1912, Paris) was the leading French opera composer of the generation after Gounod. He was elected to the Académie des beaux-arts in 1878 and in the same year became professor of composition at the Paris Conservatoire; he had married Louise-Constance (Ninon) de Gressy in 1866 and their daughter Juliette was born in 1868. His operas up to Marie's death include *Don César de Bazan* (1872), *Le Roi de Lahore* (1877), *Hérodiade* (Brussels, 1881) and *Manon* (Opéra-Comique, 19 January 1884) ([Wikipedia fr, "Jules Massenet"](https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jules_Massenet)). The Paris premiere of *Hérodiade*, in Italian at the Théâtre-Italien on 1 February 1884, is the occasion of Marie's longest passage on him (see the BnF and IMSLP listings of the work, e.g. [Opera Scotland, Hérodiade](https://operascotland.org/opera/139/H%C3%A9rodiade)).

Jules Valles

[Research needed]

Jules Verne

- Type: people - mentioned

Julia

[Research needed]

Julia Acard

Julia Acard, Paul de Cassagnac's wife. The index of *Mon Journal* t.12 has «Acard (Julia), future épouse de Paul Cassagnac», with her father «Acard Stéphano (Jean Alexandre), notaire», her mother «Acard (Mme Catherine)» and her brother «Acard (Justin), frère de Julia». The wedding notice Marie copied on 28 June 1878 says the marriage was celebrated «hier» in the chapel of the Frères-Passionnistes, avenue de la Reine-Hortense, and calls the bride «fille du comte et de la comtesse Stéphano Acard» (081.0093). The CASSAGNAC entry gives her as Alexandrine Julie Acard.

Julie

Julie (child, 1875)

A girl of six in February 1875, sister of the boy Stiopa ([#Stiopa](STIOPA_ENFANT.md)), taken out by Marie with Nadia and Nadinka. Not Julie Howard (1874-12-18) nor Julie Cornelius.

Julie Cornelius (Grand-maman)

Marie's maternal grandmother. Born Julie Cornelius (also spelled Cornelius), married Marie's grandfather (the Byronic poet and military officer) at age 15.

Julie de Benkendorff

- Type: people - mentioned

Juliette Lamber

Juliette Lambert

Jurowski

Guest at the Bashkirtseff dinner of 13 January 1882 in Paris, described as «beau-frère de l'innocente Isabelle»; sixteen at table with the Gavinis, the Gérys, Morgan, Saint-Amand, the princess and Bojidar (094.0160). «L'innocente Isabelle» also appears at 091.0499 (21 April 1881). Only mention; no first name.

Justin

[Research needed]

Juvénal

Juvenal (Decimus Junius Juvenalis, active late 1st – early 2nd century AD), the Roman satirist whose name stands for biting mockery (Wikipedia, "Juvenal").

Juvisy Family

The Juvisy family were Parisian acquaintances of Marie in October 1880. The family included a mother, and at least two daughters - "la petite Juvisy" (the younger Juvisy girl) and her sister.