R

- Type: people - mentioned

Rane

[Research needed]

Rangouli

Captain Rangouli (the Mon Journal t.4 index: «Rangouli, capitaine, 228»), captain of the *Jarevna* (Tsarevna), apparently a Russian ship, which lay at Nice in December 1874. Nothing more is known about him.

Raphael

[Research needed]

Rastro

Madrid's open-air Sunday flea market, which Marie spells «Rasteo» (source footnote at 093.0256). It is the street of stalls where she buys old fabrics on her Spanish journey: «Une des choses les plus curieuses ici, c'est le Rastro, une rue occupée par toutes espèces de baraques, comme les foires des villages russes, où l'on trouve de tout. Et une vie, une animation, un grouillement, sous ce soleil brûlant ! ... Cet infiniment riche bric-à-brac ... des masses d'étoffes, de tapisseries et de broderies à devenir fou» (093.0240, 16 October 1881).

Rattazzi

- Type: people - mentioned

Ravel

Raymond

[Research needed]

Raynaud

«Un certain Raynaud» of Nice, October 1875: «On a des soupçons contre un certain Raynaud, qui est ici et qui était à Genève» (047.0117), suspected of writing the anonymous letters signed «Georges» that tried to set Cima against Marie Sapogenikoff (047.0116). Not identified; one mention.

Reading

This thematic tag collects diary paragraphs where Marie discusses books she is reading, literary opinions, authors, and her engagement with written texts. Reading is one of the most pervasive themes in Marie's life, rivaling fashion, social life, and art. Marie was a voracious, multilingual, and fiercely opinionated reader whose literary judgments reveal both her intellectual ambition and her temperament. She read in at least five languages (French, Russian, English, Italian, and some Latin), consuming everything from classical antiquity to the latest naturalist novels, from political journalism to the Bible.

Reboux (Caroline Reboux)

Caroline Reboux was one of the most prestigious milliners (hat makers) in Paris during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Her boutique at 23 Rue de la Paix was established in 1865 and became the premier destination for fashionable hats.

Récamier

Juliette Récamier (1777–1849), Paris society beauty and salon hostess, painted by Jacques-Louis David (1800, unfinished) and by Gérard, friend of Chateaubriand (en.wikipedia «Juliette Récamier»; Britannica). Marie thinks of her as the type of the celebrated beauty. Her husband was the banker Jacques-Rose Récamier; two of Marie's tags (101.0195, 101.0212) concern «M. Récamier» as husband.

Reille

- Type: people - mentioned

reine d Espagne

reine de Navarre

- Type: people - mentioned

Rembrandt

- Type: people - mentioned

Remy

- Type: people - mentioned

Rémy de Gonzalès

Young man from Baden-Baden who attempted romantic advances with Marie three years earlier (1871) when she was 12.

- Type: people - mentioned

Renan

Ernest Renan (1823–1892), French philologist, historian of religion and philosopher, author of the *Vie de Jésus* (1863) and the *Histoire des origines du christianisme*; professor of Hebrew at the Collège de France from 1862 (dismissed 1864, reinstated 1870) and its administrator from 1883 (Britannica, «Ernest Renan»; Collège de France biography). He spoke at the departure ceremony for Turgenev's body in October 1883.

Renard

Papa's beloved pet animal (likely a dog).

Renard (Russian restaurant, Paris)

«Renard», a Russian restaurant in Paris where the family eats during their stay of September 1874 and meets other Russians: «En retard pour la messe nous allons chez Renard» (024.0033, 20 Sep 1874), «nous en retournâmes chez Renard de nouveau» (024.0037), «Au restaurant russe Renard, nous rencontrons Mme Sapogenikoff, la demoiselle russe qui est avec elle, et le diacre» (024.0057, 22 Sep), «nous dînons chez Renard, là nous trouvons le diacre» (024.0151, 28 Sep). Mon Journal t.4 index: «Renard, restaurant russe, 149, 151, 161». Address not given; not identified further.

Renard bleu

[Research needed]

René de Saint-Marceaux

Charles-René de Paul de Saint-Marceaux (born 23 September 1845 at Reims; died 23 April 1915 in Paris) was a French sculptor and medallist, the artist whom Marie names, with Bastien-Lepage, as the greatest of her time. He came of a family of Champagne wine merchants of Reims (his grandfather had been mayor of the city) and went to Paris at eighteen to study under François Jouffroy at the École des Beaux-Arts ([#Jouffroy](JOUFFROY.md)). He exhibited at the Salon from 1868. His marble *[#Le_Genie_gardant_le_secret_de_la_tombe](../../culture/art/LE_GENIE_GARDANT_LE_SECRET_DE_LA_TOMBE.md)* (Salon of 1879; now in the Musée d'Orsay) made his name; his *[#L_Arlequin](../../culture/art/L_ARLEQUIN_SAINT_MARCEAUX.md)* followed in 1879-80. He became chevalier of the Légion d'honneur in 1880, officer in 1889 and commander in 1913, and was elected to the Académie des beaux-arts in 1905. Among his later works are the bust of Ernest Renan (1883; see [#Ernest_Renan](../mentioned/ERNEST_RENAN.md)), *Charlotte Corday* (Reims, 1900) and the monuments to Alphonse Daudet (1901) and Alexandre Dumas fils (1906). In 1892 he married Marguerite Jourdain (1850-1930), widow of the painter Eugène Baugnies, whose Paris salon became famous (fr.wikipedia.org, "René de Saint-Marceaux"; en.wikipedia.org).

René Eschassériaux

René-Pierre Eschassériaux, Bonapartist deputy for the arrondissement of Jonzac (Charente-Inférieure), elected in 1877 and sitting with the Appel au peuple group; son of baron Eugène Eschassériaux (1823–1906), himself deputy for the same department ([ESCHASSERIAUX](../mentioned/ESCHASSERIAUX.md)) (fr.wikipedia, «Élections législatives de 1877 en Charente-Inférieure», Jonzac; genealogical summaries on Geneanet, «René François Eugène Eschassériaux» tree, which make the deputy René-Pierre the baron's son). Confidence 0.85. The Mon Journal t.12 index has «Eschassériaux (René) fils du précédent, homme politique : 199». His dates and later career were not found (searched 2026-10-22; one source says he withdrew from the Jonzac contest of 21 August 1881).

Republicains

- Type: people - mentioned

Republique

- Type: people - mentioned

Republique francaise

Revolution

[Research needed]

Revue de Nice (1875)

*Revue de Nice* is a satirical verse sketch of the young men of the Nice promenade, written by Marie Bashkirtseff in August 1875 at [Schlangenbad](../../places/cities/SCHLANGENBAD.md) and copied into the diary on **21 August 1875** (039.0165-0185). It takes its title from the *revue de fin d'année*, the topical, mocking stage review of the period, and goes through the men of her Nice circle one after another in short rhyming stanzas, each with a physical caricature: the plump, red-faced, slightly lame patron of beginners who makes the round of the boxes showing his "main d'albâtre" ([#Andriot_Saetone](../../people/recurring/SAETONE.md)); the thin Arthur Danis with spotless collars ([#Danis](../../people/mentioned/DANIS.md)); the powdered "faquin" Maurice Gros ([#Maurice_Gros](../../people/mentioned/MAURICE_GROS.md)); the count d'Aspremont, tall "comme un mât de cocagne", with a mountain range for a nose ([#Aspremont](../../people/mentioned/ASPREMONT.md)); the badly dressed M. Gautier ([#Albert_Gautier](../../people/mentioned/ALBERT_GAUTIER.md)); the future notary Galula-Déchiar, the royalist count de Laurenti, Maurice Godard-Décrais who "brait comme un âne", and last the "châtelain illustre", whose "doux nom est Emile" ([#Emile_d_Audiffret](../../people/recurring/EMILE_D_AUDIFFRET.md)). One line of the manuscript is struck out ("Une ligne cancellée"). The piece is signed with the mock-classical pen name **"phil. Tryphodore"** (039.0185).

Revue nouvelle

Rhin

- Type: places - landmarks

Riario Sforza

- Type: people - mentioned

Ribera

- Type: people - mentioned

Ricard

A Paris doctor, the Mon Journal t.14 index entry reads «Ricard (M.), médecin : 180». The reader footnote at the paragraph proposes Dr Philippe Ricord (1800–1889), the Paris specialist in venereal disease, surgeon at the Hôpital du Midi and physician to Napoleon III and Prince Napoleon (Hektoen International; Altmeyer's Enzyklopädie, «Ricord, Philippe»). The identification is plausible (0.6) and not proven.

Ricardo

- Type: people - mentioned

Rice

Miss Rice, an American woman staying at the Grand Hôtel in Paris in July 1876: «Miss Rice, cette Américaine que nous connaissons depuis longtemps. C'est une grosse personne rieuse et aimable» (063.0076); «nous nous connaissons depuis le mois de décembre 1871» (063.0094). The edition's index has «Rice, Miss, américaine» (Mon Journal t.8, index). First name not found. Not to be confused with the stub [#Rice](RICE.md), which has no tagged references.

Richard

- Type: people - mentioned

Richard Wagner

Richard Wagner (1813-1883), the German composer (Wikipedia, «Richard Wagner»; he died in Venice on 13 February 1883). Marie names him as music she cannot follow and as her model of the «artiste-dieu»; she never discusses a work in detail.

Rickard

A person in Marie's social circle in Nice during spring 1875. Appears to be English-speaking, as Marie mentions being self-conscious about speaking English in front of Collignon when with Rickard.

Rienzi, the Last of the Roman Tribunes (Bulwer-Lytton)

Historical novel (1835) by Edward Bulwer-Lytton about Cola di Rienzo (c.1313–1354), the notary who made himself tribune of the people in Rome, tried to restore the city's ancient greatness, fell, returned to power and was killed by a Roman mob. Wagner's opera *Rienzi* (1842) is based on it (Wikipedia, "Rienzi, the Last of the Roman Tribunes"; "Rienzi").

Righi

- Type: people - mentioned

Rigoletto

*Rigoletto* is an opera in three acts by Giuseppe Verdi to a libretto by Francesco Maria Piave, after Victor Hugo's play *Le Roi s'amuse* (1832). It was first performed at La Fenice, Venice, on 11 March 1851 (Wikipedia, "Rigoletto"). The hunchbacked court jester Rigoletto serves a libertine duke, whose seduction of Rigoletto's daughter Gilda, and the curse of the wronged Count Monterone, bring about the tragedy. Famous numbers: "La donna è mobile", "Caro nome", "Bella figlia dell'amore", "Cortigiani, vil razza dannata".

Rivoli

[Research needed]

Rob Roy

Horse Marie rides in 1874.

Robert

Robert Milton (Albert de Saint-Albin)

«Robert Milton» was the pen name of Albert de Saint-Albin (1843-1901), a French turf journalist who wrote race reports and sporting chronicles, later in Le Figaro, and published Les courses de chevaux en France (Hachette, 1890) as "A. de Saint-Albin (Robert Milton)" (Wikipedia, "Albert de Saint-Albin"; Gallica, BnF). Kernberger (2013, glossary): "Milton, Robert: sports reporter".

Robert Mitchell

[Research needed]

Robespierre

- Type: people - mentioned

Robinson

- Type: people - mentioned

Rochefort

- Type: people - mentioned

Rochefort Trial

The trial of Henri Rochefort (1830-1913), a French journalist and political figure, was a major political event in late 1880. Rochefort was a radical republican journalist known for his satirical attacks on the government and establishment.

Rochegrosse

Georges Antoine Rochegrosse (1859–1938), French history painter born in Versailles, a pupil of Boulanger and Lefebvre at the Académie Julian. His *Andromaque* (1882–83; Musée des Beaux-Arts, Rouen) won the Prix du Salon of 1883, which paid for a trip to Italy (en.wikipedia «Georges Rochegrosse»; Musée des Beaux-Arts de Rouen). The Mon Journal t.15 index has «Rochegrosse (Georges Antoine), peintre : 245, 258, 270, 280».

Rodionoff

The Rodionoff family (also spelled Rodionov) appears 10 times in Marie Bashkirtseff's diary, marking them as regular members of the Russian expatriate community in Nice during 1873-1874. The name indicates Russian noble origins.

Rodolphe

Rodolphe Julian

Pierre Louis Rodolphe Julian (born 13 June 1839 at Lapalud, Vaucluse; died in Paris in February 1907) was a French painter, etcher and art teacher, founder and director of the Académie Julian. He was the son of Pierre Louis Julian and Sophie Favier, who married in 1847 and so legitimated Rodolphe and his elder sister. His father sent him as a clerk to a bookshop in Marseille; he drew well, went to Paris, studied under Léon Cogniet and Alexandre Cabanel without entering the École des Beaux-Arts, and exhibited at the Salons from 1863 (fr.wikipedia.org, "Rodolphe Julian"). On the day he is decorated, Julian tells the atelier: "a poor little peasant who left his village with nothing... Chevalier of the Légion d'honneur!" (091.0122). The two best-known sources disagree on the day of his death: 2 February 1907 (en.wikipedia.org) or 11 February 1907, at his home in the rue d'Amboise (fr.wikipedia.org). He is buried at Lapalud.

Roederer

- Type: people - mentioned

Rogat

- Type: people - mentioned

Rohan

[Research needed]

Roi

Roi Candaule

- Type: people - mentioned

Roi d Italie

Roi Dagobert

The «bon roi Dagobert» of the French nursery song, who «avait mis sa culotte à l'envers»: a comic figure of the Merovingian king Dagobert I, in a satirical song that dates from the French Revolution and mocks later kings (en.wikipedia «Le Bon Roi Dagobert (song)»).

Roi Danemark

- Type: people - mentioned

roi de Naples

- Type: people - mentioned

roi de Suede

- Type: people - mentioned

Roi de Thule

- Type: people - mentioned

roi Murat

- Type: people - mentioned

Roissard

Eugène Roissard de Bellet (1836–1918), banker of Nice, fifth baron de Bellet, general councillor and deputy for the Alpes-Maritimes from 1876 to 1881 (IdRef authority record 19776746X; Château de Bellet page, museedupatrimoine.fr). Marie calls him «le baron Roissard, député des Alpes-Maritimes» (063.0114, July 1876), which fits the date of his election. The Mon Journal indexes list «Roissard (M.)» in t.6 (pp. 68, 106, 111, 144) and t.7 (pp. 325, 330), «Roissard (baron)» in t.8 (p. 262) and «Roissard (Mme)» in t.6 (p. 159). The identification with this banker rests on title, place and date, not on a document naming him.

Roman Carnival (Carnevale di Roma)

The traditional pre-Lenten carnival celebration in Rome, one of the most famous festivals in 19th-century Europe. The Roman Carnival was particularly renowned for its horse races (Corsa dei Barberi), masked balls, and the Corso procession.

Roman de la Momie

- Type: people - mentioned

Romania (Roumanie)

Romania, which gained full independence from the Ottoman Empire in 1877-1878, appears in Marie Bashkirtseff's diary in connection with Eastern European politics and the broader network of European aristocratic society. The new Kingdom of Romania (declared 1881) was part of the same Eastern European world from which the Bashkirtseff family originated.

Romanoff (Uncle)

Romanoff was Marie's maternal uncle through the Babanine family - a wealthy 40-year-old bachelor who was ensnared in marriage by Marie's family through elaborate social manipulation. He had a sister whom he hadn't seen for twenty years and who was even wealthier than he was.

Romantic Philosophy

Rome (Gogol, 1842)

*Rim* ("Rome"), subtitled "a fragment", is an unfinished prose work by Nikolai Gogol (1809-1852), printed in the Moscow journal *Moskvityanin*, no. 3, 1842 (ru.wikisource). It grew out of an abandoned Italian novel, *Annunziata*, on which Gogol had worked in 1836-39; it was overshadowed by the first volume of *Dead Souls*, which came out at almost the same time. Its narrative is organized around the itinerary Rome-Paris-Rome, and its descriptions of the city were read as a prose hymn to Rome. (ru.wikisource; Milkova 2015, cited below.)

Rome (Roma)

[Rome](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rome), the Eternal City and capital of the [Kingdom of Italy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_Italy) since 1871, was a transformative destination in Marie Bashkirtseff's life. Her extended stay from January 3 to April 12, 1876 (carnets 051-057, approximately 100 days) marks a decisive period in her development: artistic awakening through direct contact with the greatest Western art, a vivid experience of Roman Carnival, the Antonelli romance, and a deepening of her ambitions. The city of the Caesars and the Popes "acted upon her like strong wine," as her biographer Mathilde Blind wrote.

Rondel

- Type: people - mentioned

Rosalie Dame (née Grond)

Rosalie Grond (Mon Journal t.11-t.13 indexes: «Rosalie Grond, femme de chambre de Marie Bashkirtseff»), later Rosalie Dame (t.16 index: «Rosalie (épouse Dame), femme de chambre de Marie»; t.15 index: «Dame (Dominique) [Pitauchard], épouse de Rosalie»), was Marie Bashkirtseff's personal [lady's maid](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lady%27s_maid) (*femme de chambre*) from approximately late 1876 or early 1877 until Marie's death in October 1884. She married Dominique Dame (whom Marie calls "Pitauchard", a nickname for the husband) in June 1883, but remained in Marie's service after the wedding, with her husband given a room in the basement of the household at 30 rue Ampère. With approximately 184 diary entries mentioning her across carnets 068--106 (1877--1884), Rosalie is by far the most frequently mentioned servant in the diary and one of its most vivid secondary characters.

Rosalie Léon

Woman in Nice society. Originally thought to be fictional name for Wittgenstein in "Les Décavés," but appears to be real person.

Rosalie Pitauchard

Rosine Mirafiore

Rosita

A friend in Marie's Parisian social circle who has recently returned from Spain. Part of the young social set that attends soirées and balls.

Rossi

The chevalier Rossi of Rome, 1876-77, a man of Mgr de Falloux's household: «Monseigneur de Falloux ne pouvant sortir lui-même nous a envoyé le chevalier Rossi» (052/1876-01-11). Mon Journal t.7 index: «Rossi (chevalier)»; Kernberger (2013, glossary): «Rossi: acquaintance in Rome, member of the hunt club».

Rostowzeff

- Type: people - mentioned

Rothschild

The Rothschild family of Paris, as seen from outside by Marie: the banking house and the family's drawing rooms and boxes, and in 1874 one «baron de Rothschild» whom she admires from afar. The tag is the family; the individual persons are not always identifiable. [Adolphe de Rothschild](ROTHSCHILD_ADOLPHE.md) (1823–1900) and his wife Julie have their own entry; the Mon Journal t.13 index has «Rothschild (Adolphe, baron de) : 8, 297; baronne de : 8, 13, 172, 297, 317», t.12 «Rothschild de (famille)», t.14–16 «Rothschild (les banquiers / les)».

Rothschild Adolphe

Adolphe Carl von Rothschild (1823–1900), banker and art collector of the Naples branch of the family, who moved to Paris in 1868 and lived in the rue de Monceau; he married his cousin Julie (1830–1907) in 1850 and they had no children (Rothschild Archive, «Adolphe Carl von Rothschild (1823–1900)»; en.wikipedia «Adolph Carl von Rothschild»). The Mon Journal t.5 index has «Rothschild (Adolphe, baron de), 237»; t.13 «Rothschild (Adolphe, baron de) : 8, 297; baronne de : 8, 13, 172, 297, 317».

Rouher

[Research needed]

Roulette

Roulette, a small white dog of the Bashkirtseff household who had died by April 1874; the Mon Journal t.3 index has «Roulette, chien, 173». The entry is filed under people but names a pet.

Rouzat

A young man in the Parisian social circle around Mme de Bailleul and the Mouzay set, 1880. Marie encounters him at the Pascalis costume ball (3 May 1880) and at social evenings (18 May, 24 May 1880). He appears as a bachelor being manoeuvred in the marriage market: "Rouzat n'épousera qu'une dot" (Rouzat will only marry a dowry), Marie remarks — a dismissive but telling social observation. He is also seen alongside Soutzo.

Roy

M. Roy, proprietor of an ironwork shop at Nice (the Mon Journal t.3 index has «Roy, atelier de ferronnerie, 239»).

Royat

The spa resort in the Auvergne near Clermont-Ferrand, where Berthe Boyd writes from in August 1875 and, in 1881, a place named in the women's society quarrel.

Rubioni

"Rubioni" was a residence or property considered by the Bashkirtseff family during their apartment-hunting in Nice in late May–June 1873. Marie mentions it (in an English passage) as "convenient enough" for her needs, particularly as it would accommodate a croquet lawn. Context suggests it is a villa or apartment building in Nice, likely named after its owner (the Rubioni family).

Rüdiger

Rue Ampere

The Rue Ampere is a street in the 17th arrondissement of Paris, in the Batignolles-Monceau quarter. It is referenced in Marie Bashkirtseff's diary in connection with the family's Parisian residences. The 17th arrondissement, particularly the area around the Parc Monceau and the Plaine Monceau, was a fashionable residential district in the late 19th century that attracted wealthy families, including the Bashkirtseffs.

Rue de Boulogne

- 075.0075 (1877-09-29 entry): the address "10^bis^ rue de Boulogne" closes Cassagnac's letter of 19 September 1877.

Rue de France

- Type: places - streets

rue de l Elysee

- Type: places - streets

Rue de la Paix

[Research needed]

Rue de la Santé

Rue de la Santé is a street in the 13th and 14th arrondissements of Paris, running north-south near the Observatory district. The street's name derives from a former hospital.

Rue de Rivoli

The rue de Rivoli in Paris, along the Tuileries and the Louvre. Marie drives out of it onto the place de la Concorde when she sees Cassagnac in May 1879 (085.0054), and watches a procession in January 1883 from M. Marinovitch's windows, «rue de Rivoli 240» (097.0362). Not the duc de Rivoli (Masséna), whom Marie names often in 1879–1880.

Rue de Rome

- Type: places - streets

Rue du Cail

- Type: places - streets

Rue du Chateau dEau

[Research needed]

rue du Colisee

- Type: places - streets

rue du Dragon

- Type: places - streets

Rue du Lavoir

- Type: places - streets

rue du Luxembourg

- Type: places - streets

rue Fortuny

- Type: places - streets

Rue Galilee

- Type: places - streets

Rue Gioffredo

- Type: places - streets

rue Saint-Florentin

- Type: places - streets

Rue Saint-François

A street in Nice where Marie encounters Prince Tchetvertinski, Mlle de Galve, and M. Zveguinzoff riding horses.

Rue Vivienne

Rue Vivienne is a street in the 2nd arrondissement of Paris, running north from the Palais Brongniart (Stock Exchange) area.

Ruffo

- Type: people - mentioned

Rumpelmayer

Rumpelmayer was a famous confectionery and pastry shop in Nice during the 19th century, frequently mentioned in Marie Bashkirtseff's diary. The establishment was part of the Rumpelmayer chain, which had several locations in fashionable European resort towns.

Rumpelmayer (Nice)

Russia

Russia --- the [Russian Empire](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_Empire) --- is Marie Bashkirtseff's homeland, the country she left at age ten or eleven and never ceased to invoke as "ma patrie." Though she spent most of her conscious life in Nice and Paris, Russia remains the gravitational center of her identity: the source of her family's wealth and social standing, the object of her patriotic emotion, and the place she simultaneously yearns for and refuses to inhabit. The word "Russie" appears over 400 times in the diary, far more than any other country, spanning every register from practical family business to existential longing.

Russian

Russian (русский язык) is Marie's native family language and a core marker of her identity. While she writes her diary entirely in French --- the prestige language of the Russian aristocracy and the language she was most comfortable composing in --- Russian permeates the text as code-switches, quoted speech, translated proverbs, cultural vocabulary, and metalinguistic commentary. Marie identifies as Russian throughout her life: "je puis dire que je *parle* le russe, le français, l'anglais et l'italien" (September 15, 1873). At the 1883 Salon, the painter Bouguereau identifies her simply as "une Russe" (March 31, 1883). Her Russian identity shapes her social world, her religious practice, her family dynamics, and her emotional vocabulary.

Russian Empress

Maria Alexandrovna (born Princess Marie of Hesse and by Rhine, 1824–1880), wife of Alexander II, Empress of Russia from 1855. She spent the winter of 1874–75 in San Remo for her health and died on 3 June 1880 in the Winter Palace (en.wikipedia «Maria Alexandrovna (Marie of Hesse)»; Russian Academy of Arts report on her San Remo monument). The Mon Journal t.4 index reads «Impératrice de Russie (Marie Alexandrovna, née princesse de Hesse)». See also [ALEXANDER_II](../royalty/ALEXANDER_II.md).

Russian Orthodox Church

- Type: places - churches

Russian Orthodox Church, Geneva

The Russian Orthodox Church in Geneva (formally: Cathédrale de l'Exaltation de la Sainte-Croix / Cathedral of the Exaltation of the Holy Cross) is located at Rue De-Beaumont 18, between the Old Town and the Boulevard des Tranchées. The church was authorized by Geneva's authorities in 1859 after a growing Russian Orthodox community had established itself in the city. Funded in part by Grand Duchess Anna Fyodorovna (sister-in-law of Tsar Alexander I), it was designed by the architect Grimm (professor at the St. Petersburg Academy of Arts) and completed in 1866. (Source: Wikipedia, "Russian Church, Geneva"; Sacred Destinations.)

Rute

- Type: people - mentioned

Ruy Blas (Filippo Marchetti)

*Ruy Blas* is a dramma lirico in four acts by Filippo Marchetti to a libretto by Carlo d'Ormeville, after Victor Hugo's play *Ruy Blas* (1838). It was first given at La Scala, Milan, on 3 April 1869 (Wikipédia fr, "Ruy Blas (Marchetti)"). Hugo's play has its own entry, [RUY_BLAS_HUGO](RUY_BLAS_HUGO.md).

Ruy Blas (Hugo)

*Ruy Blas* (1838), verse drama by Victor Hugo, in which a lackey loves the Queen of Spain (footnotes at 095.0318 and 103.0416). Not Marchetti's opera after it ([RUY_BLAS_MARCHETTI](RUY_BLAS_MARCHETTI.md)).

Ruysdael