I

I Lombardi

Opera by Giuseppe Verdi (libretto by Temistocle Solera), first performed at La Scala, Milan, in 1843 (Wikipedia, «I Lombardi alla prima crociata»). Marie attends a performance at the Théâtre de Nice on 14 November 1874: «On donne "i Lombardi", la salle est arrangée à neuf, les décors sont jolis, le chœur et les costumes aussi. La prima donna est une très belle femme, voix fraîche et sympathique» (025.0241). She judges the season weaker than earlier ones.

I Puritani

Opera by Vincenzo Bellini, first performed at the Théâtre-Italien, Paris, in 1835 (Wikipedia, «I puritani»). Marie hears it for the first time on 29 November 1874: «L'opéra est charmant mais l'interprétation mauvaise excepté le ténor» (027.0078).

Ideville

- Type: people - mentioned

Ignotus (Félix Platel)

"Ignotus" was the pen name under which Félix Platel (born 1832) wrote for *Le Figaro*; a lawyer and local mayor before he turned journalist, he joined the paper in the early 1870s and became known for polished portraits of public figures such as Gambetta and Sarah Bernhardt (Paris Zigzag, pariszigzag.fr/insolite/felix-platel-ignotus; a popular-history source, not checked against a catalogue record). The Mon Journal t.8 index lists him as «Ignotus (journaliste) : 230».

Il barbiere di Siviglia (Rossini)

*Il barbiere di Siviglia* (The Barber of Seville) is an opera buffa in two acts by Gioachino Rossini to a libretto by Cesare Sterbini, after Beaumarchais's comedy *Le Barbier de Séville* (1775). It premiered at the Teatro Argentina, Rome, on 20 February 1816 (Wikipedia, "The Barber of Seville"). Count Almaviva, helped by the barber Figaro, wins Rosina from her guardian Dr Bartolo. Rosina, with "Una voce poco fa", was a favourite role of coloratura sopranos, among them Adelina Patti.

Il Guarany (Gomes)

*Il Guarany*, opera in four acts by the Brazilian composer Antônio Carlos Gomes, libretto by Antonio Scalvini and Carlo D'Ormeville after José de Alencar's novel *O Guarani*; first performed at La Scala, Milan, in 1870 (Wikipedia, "Il Guarany"). Its hero is a Guaraní chief in sixteenth-century Brazil. Marie calls it «Les Guaranis».

Il Ponte del Diavolo

- Type: people - mentioned

Il trovatore (Verdi)

*Il trovatore* is an opera in four acts by Giuseppe Verdi to an Italian libretto largely by Salvadore Cammarano, based on Antonio García Gutiérrez's Spanish play *El trovador* (1836); Wikipedia's account of the Verdi scholar Julian Budden calls the source "a high flown, sprawling melodrama" (Wikipedia, "Il trovatore"). It was first performed at the Teatro Apollo, Rome, on 19 January 1853. The gypsy Azucena's vengeful "mi vendicar" and the Act IV prison scene are among its best-known moments.

Iliad (L'Iliade)

Homer's *Iliad* is the Greek epic of the anger of Achilles in the tenth year of the Trojan War, in 24 books (*rhapsodies*) of hexameters, traditionally dated to about the eighth century BC. In nineteenth-century France it was read in French translation (the prose or verse versions of Dacier, Bitaubé, Dugas-Montbel, then Leconte de Lisle's of 1866, which is linked here); Greek was seldom taught to girls. It is the chief source for the figures Marie names: Achilles and Patroclus, Menelaus, Antilochus, Priam and Hecuba.

Im Nebel (In the Fog)

*Im Nebel* — "In the Fog" — is an oil on canvas of 1882, 47 × 55 cm, in the **Belvedere, Vienna** (inv. **1173**). It is the only Bashkirtseff in an Austrian collection, and one of the very few of her paintings anywhere for which a museum-grade reproduction is freely available: the Belvedere publishes a 3508-pixel scan. Most of her surviving work is either unphotographed or circulates as postage-stamp-sized images, which makes this modest little canvas unexpectedly important to anyone trying to *see* what she painted.

Immanuel Kant

Immanuel Kant (1724–1804), German philosopher of Königsberg, author of the *Critique of Pure Reason* (1781) (en.wikipedia «Immanuel Kant»). The Mon Journal t.12 index lists him as «Kant (Emmanuel), philosophe allemand : 111».

Immensus

Married man in Nice society nicknamed "Immensus" (The Immense One), likely due to his size.

Imoda

[Research needed]

Imperatrice

- Type: people - mentioned

Imperatrice Autriche

- Type: people - mentioned

Imperatrice Eugenie

[Research needed]

Ingami

A young man of Roman society, friend of Pietro Antonelli; not otherwise identified.

Ingres

- Type: people - mentioned

Institut de France

The Institut de France is the principal learned society in France, comprising five académies: the Académie française, the Académie des inscriptions et belles-lettres, the Académie des sciences, the Académie des beaux-arts, and the Académie des sciences morales et politiques. Founded in 1795, it is housed in the former Collège des Quatre-Nations on the Left Bank of the Seine, directly across from the Louvre.

Intérieur d'une boutique au Mont-Dore

*Intérieur d'une boutique au Mont-Dore* is a genre interior Marie painted in August 1880 in the workshop of a carpenter and wood-carver at Le Mont-Dore, the spa in the Auvergne where she was taking the waters. It is no. 74 in the 1885 memorial catalogue, 0,60 × 0,55 m. **Its whereabouts are unknown.** The image above is the reproduction printed in the *Nouveau journal inédit* of 1901 under the same title; it is not a photograph of the canvas.

Intimité

*Intimité* is a small drawing of a young woman lying half-stretched on a sofa, about 29 × 26 cm. It belongs to the French national collections and is catalogued by the **Musée d'Orsay** under **RF 39090**. It is one of only three or four drawings by Marie known to survive in public hands, out of the 118 numbered drawings and the eighty-odd academic studies listed in the 1885 memorial catalogue.

Irma (artist's model)

Irma was a professional artists' model of the Paris studios and, in the evenings, an actress of the Théâtre des Batignolles (102.0317); the sitter of Marie Bashkirtseff's *La Parisienne, portrait d'Irma, modèle à l'Académie Julian* (Petit Palais, Paris). She was 23 in November 1883 ("elle en a vingt-trois", 102.0321), so born about 1860. The diary never gives a surname: when Marie wants an invented name for an ordinary Parisienne she writes "Irma Pitauchard" (102.0030), which is a joke and not hers. I did not find her in any other source, so nothing is known of her outside the diary.

Isabel de Baviere (Dumas)

*Isabel de Baviere* (also *Isabelle de Baviere*) is a historical novel by Alexandre Dumas, published in 1835 under the full title *Chroniques de France: Isabel de Baviere*. It is Dumas's first historical novel, set during the reign of the mad King Charles VI and the controversial Queen Isabeau of Bavaria.

Ischia

The island in the Bay of Naples. Marie names it only as the site of the earthquake of 28 July 1883, which destroyed Casamicciola and killed between 2,313 and some 3,100 people (Wikipedia, «1883 Casamicciola earthquake»). On 26 August 1883 she goes to the great charity fête at the Tuileries for the victims, where a painted journal is sold with sketches by famous artists and lines by great writers; Dumas's column asks what the disaster means for a Christian and Catholic God. She is not convinced: «Passe pour Sodome et Gomorrhe. Passe encore pour Herculanum et Pompéi car là Dieu punissait ceux qui envoyaient ses apôtres au martyre ... Mais ici. Où sont les crimes atroces et [inommables] d'Ischia ?» (101.0241-0242).

Ischia lottery

A charity lottery in Paris for the victims of the Casamicciola earthquake on Ischia (28 July 1883; Wikipedia, «1883 Casamicciola earthquake»). On 27 August 1883 Marie writes: «J'ai donné mon Pêcheur à la ligne à la loterie d'ischia; les lots sont exposés rue de Sèze chez Petit» (101.0266), that is at the gallery of Georges Petit in the rue de Sèze. She is dissatisfied with the frame and the setting.

Isidore

Isidore (Yakov Sergeyevich Nikolsky, 1799-1892), Metropolitan of Novgorod and St Petersburg from 1860 until his death (OrthodoxWiki, «Isidore (Nikolsky) of St. Petersburg»; Russian National Library biography). Marie remarks on 18 September 1883 that Mme Basilewsky is a multimillionaire of seventy-one «et le Métropolite en a quatre-vingt-quatre, il s'appelle Isidore» (101.0382). The identification rests on the name, the rank and the age (born 1799 would make him 84 in 1883).

Isis

- Type: people - mentioned

Issakie Cathedral (Saint Isaac's Cathedral)

Saint Isaac's Cathedral (Isaakievskiy Sobor), referred to by Marie as "Issakie," is the largest cathedral in St. Petersburg and one of the largest domed buildings in the world. Built over 40 years (1818-1858) by architect Auguste de Montferrand, it is a masterpiece of Neoclassical architecture, decorated with hundreds of artworks, columns of malachite and lapis lazuli, and gold-plated dome visible across the city.

Issayevitch

Issy

The suburb south-west of Paris where the painter Amanda Sidval lives. On 12 August 1881 Marie, who is struggling with her painting, goes to see her: «Alors je m'en vais voir Amanda (!) qui travaille dans la cour de sa maison à Issy ! Ça me fait du bien, bien qu'elle ne soit pas assez artiste pour que je sois vraiment remontée, c'est égal ça vivifie, je rentre résolue à faire ce sacré tableau» (092.0397). See [Amanda Sidval](../../people/mentioned/AMANDA_SIDVAL.md).

Italian

This tag marks paragraphs containing Italian-language text within the diary. Italian is the third most frequently used foreign language in Marie Bashkirtseff's diary after French (the primary language) and English. With 398 tagged paragraphs, Italian appears in contexts spanning opera titles and quotations, Roman Carnival conversations, art terminology, emotional exclamations, and interactions with Italian acquaintances -- particularly during Marie's two extended stays in Rome (1876 and 1876-1877).

Italian Gray Eyes

An unnamed Italian seen on the Promenade des Anglais in Nice on 17 April 1875, with Audiffret («le Paysan»; see AUDIFFRET) and the «petit Niçois»: Marie is scandalised by their manners as the two stare at her (031.0254-031.0255). He stands up as she passes. A descriptive label, not a name.

Italian Mission

- Type: people - mentioned

Italian Opera Nice

- Type: places - theaters

Italian Teacher

Italiens

Italy

- Type: places - cities

Iturbe

A wealthy man encountered in Marie's Paris social circle in May 1880. Marie describes him tartly as "Iturbe (l'homme aux 27 millions et à la grimace)" — Iturbe (the man with twenty-seven million and the grimace) — at a gathering on 15 May 1880. The name "Iturbe" suggests Basque, Spanish, or Latin American origin; the fortune of 27 million francs would place him among the seriously wealthy. No fuller identification available from diary context.