Notes
Droit des femmes (Women's Rights): founded by Léon Richer and Maria Deraismes in 1869, this was one of France's first organised feminist associations, focusing on legal and civil equality rather than the vote. Marie attended its public meetings in early 1881. ↩
Hubertine Auclert (1848–1914): radical French suffragist, founder of La Citoyenne (1881), who argued for women's full political rights including the vote — going further than Richer and Deraismes. Her association with the more dramatic Louise Michel in the conservative press was a caricature that frustrated Marie. ↩